TY  - CONF
ID  - 81
T1  - An architecture for more realistic conversational systems
A1  - Allen,James
A1  - Ferguson,George
A1  - Stent,Amanda
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
T2  - Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
CY  - Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 359822
N2  - In this paper, we describe an architecture for conversational systems that enables human-like performance along several important dimensions. First, interpretation is incremental, multi-level, and involves both general and task- and domain-specific knowledge. Second, generation is also incremental, proceeds in parallel with interpretation, and accounts for phenomena such as turn-taking, grounding and interruptions. Finally, the overall behavior of the system in the task at hand is determined by the (incremental) results of interpretation, the persistent goals and obligations of the system, and exogenous events of which it becomes aware. As a practical matter, the architecture supports a separation of responsibilities that enhances portability to new tasks and domains
SN  - 1-58113-325-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/359784.359822
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 130
T1  - Interruptive communication patterns in the intensive care unit ward round
A1  - Alvarez,G.
A1  - Coiera,E.
Y1  - 2005/10//
N1  - DA - 20050926IS - 1386-5056 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - IM
KW  - Communication
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - manpower
KW  - methods
KW  - Personnel,Hospital
KW  - Time Management
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 791
EP  - 796
JF  - Int.J.Med.Inform.
VL  - 74
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVE: An exploratory study to examine interruptive communication patterns of healthcare staff within an intensive care unit (ICU) during ward rounds. METHODS: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia. Nine participants were observed individually, for a total of 24 h, using the communication observation method (COM). The amount of time spent in conversation, the number of conversation initiating and number of turn-taking interruptions were recorded. RESULTS: Participants averaged 75% [95% confidence interval 72.8-77.2] of their time in communication events during ward rounds. There were 345 conversation-initiating interruptions (C.I.I.) and 492 turn-taking interruptions (T.T.I.). C.I.I. accounted for 37% [95% CI 33.9-40.1] of total communication event time (5 h: 53 min). T.T.I. accounted for 5.3% of total communication event time (56 min). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to specifically examine turn-taking interruptions in a clinical setting. Staff in this intensive care unit spent the majority of their time in communication. Turn taking interruptions within conversations occurred at about the same frequency as conversation initiating interruptions, which have been the subject of earlier studies. These results suggest that the overall burden of interruptions in some settings may be significantly higher than previously suspected
AD  - The Centre of Health Informatics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2055, Australia. drgeorgealvarez@hotmail.com
UR  - PM:16024286
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 131
T1  - Interdisciplinary communication: an uncharted source of medical error?
A1  - Alvarez,G.
A1  - Coiera,E.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DA - 20060922IS - 0883-9441 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - IM
KW  - Communication
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - Interdisciplinary Communication
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - Medical Staff,Hospital
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - prevention & control
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Safety Management
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 236
EP  - 242
JF  - J.Crit Care
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
AD  - Center of Health Informatics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2034, Australia. drgeorgealvarez@hotmail.com
UR  - PM:16990088
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 137
T1  - The writing is on the wall: use of an LCD projector to aid communication at the ward round
A1  - Baggaley,Martin
A1  - Inglis,Gary
A1  - Malizia,Andrea
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - Communication
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 180
EP  - 181
JA  - Psychiatr Bull
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - A key element of good in-patient psychiatric care is the multidisciplinary review, with accurate and legible recording of the outcome of the discussion. Traditionally, the junior doctor and nurse act as `scribes' on the ward rounds, recording the outcomes in the multidisciplinary or separate medical and nursing notes. There are a number of ways in which this process can fail. First, the scribe may simply misunderstand the decision of the team, given the complexity and variety of decisions in a psychiatric setting. Second, the scribe may understand what to record, but what is written may be illegible. Finally, people present at the ward round can have different beliefs about what has been decided, but unless they immediately review what has been written, they may not realise the discrepancy. One or more of these failings can result in serious untoward incidents, such as a patient being allowed off the ward on unescorted leave when the responsible medical officer believed the team had decided against permitting such leave. It is only when there is a serious incident that discrepancies can and do emerge
Y2  - 2005/05/01/
UR  - 10.1192/pb.29.5.180
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 57
T1  - Empirical development of a heuristic evaluation methodology for shared workspace groupware
A1  - Baker,Kevin
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 96
EP  - 105
T2  - Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 587093
N2  - Good real time groupware products are hard to develop, in part because evaluating their support for basic teamwork activities is difficult and costly. To address this problem, we are developing discount evaluation methods that look for groupware-specific usability problems. In a previous paper, we detailed a new set of usability heuristics that evaluators can use to inspect shared workspace groupware to see how they support teamwork. We wanted to determine whether the new heuristics could be integrated into a low-cost methodology that parallels Nielsen's traditional heuristic evaluation (HE). To this end, we examined 27 evaluations of two shared workspace groupware systems and analysed the inspectors' relative performance and variability. Similar to Nielsen's findings for traditional HE, individual inspectors discovered about a fifth of the total known teamwork problems, and that there was only modest overlap in the problems they found. Groups of three to five inspectors would report about 40-60% of the total known teamwork problems. These results suggest that heuristic evaluation using our groupware heuristics can be an effective and efficient method for identifying teamwork problems in shared workspace groupware systems
SN  - 1-58113-560-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/587078.587093
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 144
T1  - Sensemaking in Technology-Use Mediation: Adapting Groupware Technology in Organizations
A1  - Bansler,Jorgen P.
A1  - Havn,Erling
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 91
JA  - Comput.Supported Coop.Work
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
U1  - 1117967
N2  - Understanding how people in organizations appropriate and adapt groupware technologies to local contexts of use is a key issue for CSCW research, since it is critical to the success of these technologies. In this paper, we argue that the appropriation and adaptation of groupware and other types of advanced CSCW technologies is basically a problem of sensemaking. We analyze how a group of "technology-use mediators" (Orlikowski etA al. Org. Sci. (1995) 6(4), 423) in a large, multinational company adapted a groupware technology (a "virtual workspace") to the local organizational context (and vice versa) by modifying features of the technology, providing ongoing support for users, and promoting appropriate conventions of use. Our findings corroborate earlier research on technology-use mediation, which suggests that such mediators can exert considerable influence on how a particular technology will be established and used in an organization. However, we also find that the process of technology-use mediation is much more complex and indeterminate than prior research suggests. The reason being, we argue, that new, advanced CSCW technologies, such as "virtual workspaces" and other groupware applications, challenge the mediators' and users' sensemaking, because the technologies are equivocal and, therefore, open to many possible and plausible interpretations
SN  - 0925-9724
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-005-9012-x
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 6
T1  - AwareMedia: a shared interactive display supporting social, temporal, and spatial awareness in surgery
A1  - Bardram,Jakob E.
A1  - Hansen,Thomas R.
A1  - Soegaard,Mads
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 109
EP  - 118
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180892
N2  - Several CSCW studies have shown that coordination of work in hospitals is particular challenging, and that clinicians put much effort into maintaining mutual awareness on the flow of work. Despite these apparent challenges, very little work has been done to design technology which helps people coordinate highly cooperative work in such a critical setting. In this paper we propose a novel way of supporting coordination in this hectic and time-critical environment. AwareMedia is a system which promotes social, spatial, and temporal awareness in combination with a shared messaging system. AwareMedia runs on large interactive displays situated around the hospital, and it is designed especially to support coordination at an operation ward. We present the design, implementation, and deployment of AwareMedia and based on preliminary data from our on-going deployment, we discuss how AwareMedia is working in-situ
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180892
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 2
T1  - Everyday encounters with context-aware computing in a campus environment
A1  - Barkhuus,L
A1  - Dourish,P
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 232
EP  - 249
JF  - Proceedings of Ubiquitous Computing
T2  - Proceedings of Ubiquitous Computing
N2  - As ubiquitous computing technologies mature, they must move out of laboratory settings and into the everyday world. In the process, they will increasingly be used by heterogeneous groups, made up of individuals with different attitudes and social roles. We have been studying an example of this in a campus setting. Our field work highlights the complex relationships between technology use and institutional arrangements - the roles, relationships, and responsibilities that characterize social settings. In heterogeneous groups, concerns such as location, infrastructure, access, and mobility can take on quite different forms, with very different implications for technology design and use.
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 156
T1  - Personal information geographies
A1  - Bauer,Daniel
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 538
EP  - 539
T2  - CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 506470
N2  - We need increasingly better tools to help us manage today's flood of information. This research explores the use of visual maps as workspaces which help us both to organize new material and to relocate past resources. In particular, visual workspaces can facilitate the process of sensemaking, the gradual evolution of an inquiry through our repeated interaction with information. This interaction can serve as an organizing structure for personally meaningful information geographies: map-like workspaces which accumulate 'trails' of our activity, which evolve over time but remain stable enough to provide the same fluency that we have with maps of physical places
SN  - 1-58113-454-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/506443.506470
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 58
T1  - Analysis of gestures in face-to-face design teams provides guidance for how to use groupware in design
A1  - Bekker,Mathilde M.
A1  - Olson,Judith S.
A1  - Olson,Gary M.
Y1  - 1995///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 166
T2  - Proceedings of the conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, \& techniques
CY  - Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 225452
SN  - 0-89791-673-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/225434.225452
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 7
T1  - Yesterday's tomorrows: notes on ubiquitous computing's dominant vision
A1  - Bell,B
A1  - Dourish,P
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - Ubiquitous computing is unusual amongst technological research arenas. Most areas of computer science research, such as programming language implementation, distributed operating system design, or denotational semantics, are defined largely by technical problems, and driven by building upon and elaborating a body of past results. Ubiquitous computing, by contrast, encompasses a wide range of disparate technological areas brought together by a focus upon a common vision. It is driven, then, not so much by the problems of the past but by the possibilities of the future. Ubiquitous computing's vision, however, is over a decade old at this point, and we now inhabit the future imagined by its pioneers. The future, though, may not have worked out as the field collectively imagined. In this article, we explore the vision that has driven the ubiquitous computing research agenda and the contemporary practice that has emerged. Drawing on cross-cultural investigations of technology adoption, we argue for developing a "ubicomp of the present" which takes the messiness of everyday life as a central theme
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 133
EP  - 143
JA  - Personal Ubiquitous Comput.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
PB  - Springer-Verlag
U1  - 1229069
SN  - 1617-4909
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 41
T1  - Designing storytelling technologies to encouraging collaboration between young children
A1  - Benford,Steve
A1  - Bederson,Benjamin B.
A1  - Akesson,Karl Petter
A1  - Bayon,Victor
A1  - Druin,Allison
A1  - Hansson,Par
A1  - Hourcade,Juan Pablo
A1  - Ingram,Rob
A1  - Neale,Helen
A1  - O'Malley,Claire
A1  - Simsarian,Kristian T.
A1  - Stanton,Danae
A1  - Sundblad,Yngve
A1  - Taxen,Gustav
Y1  - 2000///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 556
EP  - 563
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - The Hague, The Netherlands
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 332502
N2  - We describe the iterative design of two collaborative storytelling technologies for young children, KidPad and the Klump. We focus on the idea of designing interfaces to subtly encourage collaboration so that children are invited to discover the added benefits of working together. This idea has been motivated by our experiences of using early versions of our technologies in schools in Sweden and the UK. We compare the approach of encouraging collaboration with other approaches to synchronizing shared interfaces. We describe how we have revised the technologies to encourage collaboration and to reflect design suggestions made by the children themselves
SN  - 1-58113-216-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/332040.332502
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 82
T1  - Some social and economic consequences of groupware for flight crew
A1  - Benson,Ian
A1  - Ciborra,Claudio
A1  - Proffitt,Steve
Y1  - 1990///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 119
EP  - 129
T2  - Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CY  - Los Angeles, California, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 99348
N2  - In many industries a strategic issue in work organisation is how to enhance the team effect generated by the cooperation between members. Maintenance of team cohesion is paramount to achieve such a surplus. Cohesion depends upon a variety of factors, such as effective allocation of tasks, effective communications, good knowledge sharing and accumulation of joint experience, and fair allocation of rewards so as to maintain a consistent perception of equity among team members. A technical system like groupware can never substitute for the social and organisational integration of team members, but it can fill many of the inevitable logistical, knowledge and communication gaps that always arise, especially in large and/or dispersed teams performing complex tasks. Such is the case considered below - a large workforce composed of more than 3,000 flight crew in a major European airline. Each pilot has a complex set of interactions with various departments of the company and his colleagues both when he is flying and when he is on the ground, at home or during training courses. The coordination problem is compounded by the fact that flight crew are a largely absent workforce and its management are flying as well. A whole industrial culture has evolved around the logistics of the pilot's job , i.e. pilots are considered, and regard themselves, as the other side of the airline, an odd breed, lonely strangers etc. In essence, as highly competent but isolated chaps who work almost as self-employed individuals. Changes in the airline industry are putting this culture under pressure: more integration is required at a time when the scale of operations is increasing in size and new pilots are hired. Working with pilots as users and designers of a groupware application, a requirements analysis has beeen carried out of team relationships in the flight crew department using the transaction costs approach. Prototypes have been developed for asynchronous and synchronous groupware systems that may find an application for the entire crew community and in particular for crew management. We believe that the work carried out so far not only offers interesting material for the design and development of groupware applications, but also sheds some light on alternative ways of building large scale computer-based information systems
SN  - 0-89791-402-3
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/99332.99348
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 145
T1  - Technology choice as a first step in design: the interplay of procedural and sensemaking processes
A1  - Bergman,Mark
A1  - Mark,Gloria
Y1  - 2002///
KW  - design
KW  - methods
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 224
EP  - 234
T2  - Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
CY  - London, England
PB  - ACM
U1  - 778744
N2  - Project design involves an initial selection of technologies, which has strong consequences for later stages of design. In this paper we describe an ethnographic-based field work study of a complex organization, and how it addressed the issue of front-end project and technology selection. Formal procedures were designed for the organization to perform repeatable, definable, and measurable actions. Yet, formal procedures obscured much about the processes actually being applied in selecting technologies and projects. In actuality, the formal procedures were interwoven with sensemaking activities so that technologies could be understood, compared, and a decision consensus could be reached. We expect that the insights from this study can benefit design teams in complex organizations facing similar selection and requirements issues
SN  - 1-58113-515-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/778712.778744
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 21
T1  - Role-based control of shared application views
A1  - Berry,Lior
A1  - Bartram,Lyn
A1  - Booth,Kellogg S.
Y1  - 2005///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 32
T2  - Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CY  - Seattle, WA, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1095039
N2  - Collaboration often relies on all group members having a shared view of a single-user application. A common situation is a single active presenter sharing a live view of her workstation screen with a passive audience, using simple hardware-based video signal projection onto a large screen or simple bitmap-based sharing protocols. This offers simplicity and some advantages over more sophisticated software-based replication solutions, but everyone has the exact same view of the application. This conflicts with the presenter's need to keep some information and interaction details private. It also fails to recognize the needs of the passive audience, who may struggle to follow the presentation because of verbosity, display clutter or insufficient familiarity with the application.Views that cater to the different roles of the presenter and the audience can be provided by custom solutions, but these tend to be bound to a particular application. In this paper we describe a general technique and implementation details of a prototype system that allows standardized role-specific views of existing single-user applications and permits additional customization that is application-specific with no change to the application source code. Role-based policies control manipulation and display of shared windows and image buffers produced by the application, providing semi-automated privacy protection and relaxed verbosity to meet both presenter and audience needs
SN  - 1-59593-271-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1095034.1095039
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 20
T1  - Mnemonic rendering: an image-based approach for exposing hidden changes in dynamic displays
A1  - Bezerianos,A.
A1  - Dragicevic,P.
A1  - Balakrishnan,R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - Managing large amounts of dynamic visual information involves understanding changes happening out of the user's sight. In this paper, we show how current software does not adequately support users in this task, and motivate the need for a more general approach. We propose an image-based storage, visualization, and implicit interaction paradigm called mnemonic rendering that provides better support for handling visual changes. Once implemented on a system, mnemonic rendering techniques can benefit all applications. We explore its rich design space and discuss its expected benefits as well as limitations based on feedback from users of a small-screen and a wall-size prototype
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 168
CY  - Montreux, Switzerland
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1166279
T3  - Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SN  - 1-59593-313-1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 83
T1  - A framework to support collaboration in heterogeneous environments
A1  - Bharadwaj,Vijayanand
A1  - Reddy,Y.V.R.
Y1  - 2003///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 103
EP  - 116
JA  - SIGGROUP Bull.
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1052852
N2  - We recognize that a variety of tools and groupware used by distributed teams can strongly influence the manner in which team members can obtain awareness of the project. Considering that is often a necessity and even advantageous to use a variety of applications as well as the fact that project awareness is most essential, we propose an "Awareness Framework" that seeks to bind heterogeneous tools and groupware. This research discusses the architecture of the framework as well as a process that is necessary to manage it and project awareness
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1052829.1052852
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 49
T1  - Improving interfaces for managing applications in multiple-device environments
A1  - Biehl,Jacob T.
A1  - Bailey,Brian P.
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
EP  - 42
T2  - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
CY  - Venezia, Italy
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1133273
N2  - Productive collaboration in a multiple-device environment (MDE) requires an effective interface for efficiently managing applications among devices. Though many interfaces exist, there is little empirical understanding of how they affect collaboration. This paper reports results from a user study comparing how well three classes of interfaces; textual, map, and iconic, support application management during realistic, collaborative activities in an MDE. From empirical results, observations, and an analysis of how users interacted with each interface, we produced a set of design lessons for improving management interfaces. The lessons were demonstrated within the iconic interface, but they are just as applicable to other interfaces. This work contributes further understanding of how to design effective management interfaces for MDEs
SN  - 1-59593-353-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1133265.1133273
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 59
T1  - MMM: a user interface architecture for shared editors on a single screen
A1  - Bier,Eric A.
A1  - Freeman,Steven
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 86
T2  - Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CY  - Hilton Head, South Carolina, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 120791
SN  - 0-89791-451-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/120782.120791
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 151
T1  - Medical sensemaking with entity workspace
A1  - Billman,Dorrit
A1  - Bier,Eric A.
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 229
EP  - 232
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - San Jose, California, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1240662
N2  - Knowledge workers making sense of a topic divide their time among activities including searching for information, reading, and taking notes. We have built a software system that supports and integrates these activities. To test its effectiveness, we conducted a study where subjects used it to perform medical question-answering tasks. Initial results indicate that subjects could use the system, but that the nature of this use depended on the subject's overall question-answering strategy. Two dominant strategies emerged that we call the Reader and Searcher strategies
SN  - 978-1-59593-593-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240662
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 25
T1  - Commune: a shared drawing surface
A1  - Bly,S.A.
A1  - Minneman,S.L.
Y1  - 1990///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 184
EP  - 192
T2  - Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEE CS TC-OA conference on Office information systems
CY  - Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 91514
N2  - Careful observation of small-group design sessions suggests that the process of creating, referring to, and using drawings may be as important to the design process as the drawings themselves. Based on studies of the uses of drawing spaces. Commune was developed to allow designers working remotely to share a drawing surface and to engage in many of the interactions available in conventional face-to-face situations. The design of Commune makes marks and 2-dimensional cursor gestures visible simultaneously to all users, allows rapid transitions among drawing, writing, and gesturing, and provides a shared space with actions from multiple users occurring simultaneously. These capabilities support natural uses of the drawing surface during the interaction: the ability to interact on each other's marks, to emphasize talk with marks and gestures, to reference previous illustrations and concepts, and to interweave talk and drawing actions fluidly
SN  - 0-89791-358-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/91474.91514
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 60
T1  - Collocation blindness in partially distributed groups: is there a downside to being collocated?
A1  - Bos,Nathan
A1  - Olson,Judith
A1  - Nan,Ning
A1  - Shami,N.Sadat
A1  - Hoch,Susannah
A1  - Johnston,Erik
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1313
EP  - 1321
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems
CY  - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1124969
N2  - Under what circumstances might a group member be better off as a long-distance participant rather than collocated? We ran a set of experiments to study how partially-distributed groups collaborate when skill sets are unequally distributed. Partially distributed groups are those where some collaborators work together in the same space (collocated) and some work remotely using computer-mediated communications. Previous experiments had shown that these groups tend to form semi-autonomous 'in-groups'. In this set of experiments the configuration was changed so that some player skills were located only in the collocated space, and some were located only remotely, creating local surplus of some skills and local scarcity of others in the collocated room. Players whose skills were locally in surplus performed significantly worse. They experienced 'collocation blindness' and failed to pay enough attention to collaborators outside of the room. In contrast, the remote players whose skills were scarce inside the collocated room did particularly well because they charged a high price for their skills
SN  - 1-59593-372-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124969
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 24
T1  - How conversation is shaped by visual and spoken evidence
A1  - Brennan,S.E
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T2  - World Situated Language Use: Psycholinguistic, Linguistic and Computational Perspectives on Bridging the Product and Action Traditions
A2  - Trueswell,J.
A2  - Tanenhaus,M.
CY  - Cambridge, MA
PB  - MIT Press
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 8
T1  - A collaborative medium for the support of conversational props
A1  - Brinck,T.
A1  - Louis,M.G.
Y1  - 1992///
N1  - Our work focuses on providing computational support for informal communication among lpeople who are geographically separated. To better understand the use of artifacts in communication, we looked at the contents of office whiteboards after they had been used in conversations. Our analysis revealed that whiteboards are used to present and discuss various classes of objects with specific semantic properties. We call these objects "conversational props," and we have come to think of a whitelmrd as a conversational medium in which props are introduced and manipulated. This study motivated our design of the Conversation Board, an experimental prototype of a multi-user drawing tool which allows remote use of conversational props. We compare the Conversation Board to various other multiuser drawing tools along a number of dimensions
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 171
EP  - 178
CY  - Toronto, Ontario, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 143476
T3  - Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
SN  - 0-89791-542-9
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 163
T1  - Keynote Address: From Information Visualization to Sensemaking: Connecting the Mind's Eye to the Mind's Muscle
A1  - Card,Stuart
Y1  - 2004///
KW  - Communication
KW  - design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
T2  - Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS'04) - Volume 00
PB  - IEEE Computer Society
U1  - 1038773
N2  - Looking back on the tenth anniversary of the first Symposium on Information Visualization, much has been accomplished. The computer's power has been exploited to give quick visual form to abstract data, to interact, and to warp detail to follow the user's changing interest. Moreover, the design space of visualizations has been systematized with reference models, taxonomies, and monographs relating visualization to perceptual and graphical constraints. Looking ahead, however, I will argue that the era of pure information visualization is over. The path ahead depends on giving much more attention to the purposes of visualization and its use. Leaving aside communication, the purpose of information visualization is insight, or more particularly, a larger process that might be called sensemaking. I will sketch out the nature of sensemaking, exemplify it empirically in a practical, urgent setting, and suggest how theories of sensemaking could be developed. I will then describe systems that subsume information visualization as part of an emerging class of sensemaking systems combining visualization (the mind's eye) with semantic content analysis and sensemaking operations (the mind's muscle). Not surprisingly, a focus on sensemaking is a good generator of new visualizations. But these developments also suggest that it may be time for the information visualization field to alter its boundaries to go beyond the merely visual
SN  - 0-7803-8779-3
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.44
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 157
T1  - Attention-reactive user interface for sensemaking
A1  - Card,Stuart
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2
EP  - 2
T2  - Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
CY  - San Diego, California, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1040831
N2  - I will talk about an emerging class of user interfaces that if not exactly intelligent are at least attention-reactive. They are being developed to handle "sensemaking" tasks, in which users find, analyze, and creation products or action from large collections of documents. Applications might be expected to develop in law, education, scholarship, security, and medicine. These interfaces have a focus + context visualization on the front end and a semantic contextual computing engine on the back end. Ultimately they can be expected to have mixed initiatives. These interfaces require the development of a supporting science of human information interaction that stresses interaction between the user and information and deemphasizes the platform through which this occurs
SN  - 1-58113-894-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1040830.1040831
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 28
T1  - Identification of coordination requirements: implications for the Design of collaboration and awareness tools
A1  - Cataldo,Marcelo
A1  - Wagstrom,Patrick A.
A1  - Herbsleb,James D.
A1  - Carley,Kathleen M.
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 353
EP  - 362
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180929
N2  - Task dependencies drive the need to coordinate work activities. We describe a technique for using automatically generated archi-val data to compute coordination requirements, i.e., who must coordinate with whom to get the work done. Analysis of data from a large software development project revealed that coordina-tion requirements were highly volatile, and frequently extended beyond team boundaries. Congruence between coordination re-quirements and coordination activities shortened development time. Developers, particularly the most productive ones, changed their use of electronic communication media over time, achieving higher congruence. We discuss practical implications of our technique for the design of collaborative and awareness tools
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180929
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 18
T1  - A negotiation architecture for fluid documents
A1  - Chang,B.W.
A1  - Mackinlay,J.D.
A1  - Zellweger,P.T.
A1  - Igarashi,T.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - The information presented in a document often consists of primary content as well as supporting material such as explanatory notes, detailed derivations, illustrations, and the like. We introduce a class of user interface techniques for fluid documents that supports the reader's shift to supporting material while maintaining the context of the primary material. Our approach initially minimizes the intrusion of supporting material by presenting it as a small visual cue near the annotated primary material. When the user expresses interest in the annotation, it expands smoothly to a readable size. At the same time, the primary material makes space for the expanded annotation. The expanded supporting material must be given space to occupy, and it must be made salient with respect to the surrounding primary material. These two aspects, space and salience, are subject to a negotiation between the primary and supporting material. This paper presents the components of our fluid document techniques and describes the negotiation architecture for ensuring that the presentations of both primary and supporting material are honored
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 123
EP  - 132
CY  - San Francisco, California, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 288585
T3  - Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SN  - 1-58113-034-1
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 159
T1  - Sensemaking of Evolving Web Sites Using Visualization Spreadsheets
A1  - Chi,Ed H.
A1  - Card,Stuart K.
Y1  - 1999///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 18
T2  - Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
PB  - IEEE Computer Society
U1  - 857666
N2  - In the process of knowledge discovery, workers examine available information in order to make sense of it. By sensemaking, we mean interacting with and operating on the information with a variety of information processing mechanisms [3,18]. Previously, we introduced a concept that uses the spreadsheet metaphor with cells containing visualizations of complex data. In this paper, we extend and apply a cognitive model called "visual sensemaking" to the Visualization Spreadsheet. We use the task of making sense of a large Web site as a concrete example through out the paper for demonstration. Using a variety of visualization techniques, such as the Disk Tree and Cone Tree, we show that the interactions of the Visualization Spreadsheet help users draw conclusions from the overall relationships of the entire information set
SN  - 0-7695-0431-0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 139
T1  - A taxonomy of user interface terminology
A1  - Chignell,Mark H.
Y1  - 1990///
KW  - design
KW  - Terminology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
JA  - SIGCHI Bull.
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
PB  - ACM
U1  - 379114
N2  - User interface design and analysis is an inherently interdisciplinary activity that merges cognitive, computing, and engineering sciences. Due to the rapid pace of technological change, there is as yet no science of human-computer interaction and little consensus on what the core knowledge of the discipline should be. In other sciences, the development of taxonomies, such as the taxonomy of living organisms in biology, has proved to be a useful foundation for scientific activity. This paper proposes a taxonomy of user interface terminology as a possible basis for the eventual development of human-computer interaction as a science. This taxonomy includes a model of the basic components of the interface and coverage of some of the major cognitive engineering principles that form the basis for human-computer interaction
SN  - 0736-6906
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/379106.379114
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 135
T1  - Visualization of patient data at different temporal granularities on mobile devices
A1  - Chittaro,Luca
Y1  - 2006///
KW  - Medical Records
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 484
EP  - 487
T2  - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
CY  - Venezia, Italy
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1133364
N2  - The capability of accessing, analyzing and possibly updating patients' medical records from anywhere through a mobile device in the hands of clinicians and nurses is considered to be a particularly promising application. Information Visualization has explored interactive visual formats to help users in analyzing patient records, but they are meant for the desktop context. This paper begins to explore the problem of visualizing patient record data with the limited display and interaction capabilities of mobile devices, focusing on common PDAs and temporal data
SN  - 1-59593-353-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1133265.1133364
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 84
T1  - Information exchanges patterns in a computer-supported cooperative work environment
A1  - Cook,Gary J.
A1  - Dunn,Cheryl L.
A1  - Grabski,Severin V.
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 58
JA  - SIGCHI Bull.
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
PB  - ACM
U1  - 122496
N2  - Software for supporting cooperative work, or groupware, is an approach for increasing project team productivity by changing the way team members work and communicate with each other. Since groupware use can be influenced by various individual, team, and organizational factors, empirical research is needed to "... study the flow of members' interaction to discover the impact the technology is having on the nature of the group's cognitions, actions, and feelings, and the relationship between these attributes of information exchange and decision outcomes (DeSanctis and Gallupe, 1987, p. 603)." The objective of this study is to examine patterns of computer-supported information exchange in a cooperative work environment. The environment requires colleagues to work together to complete a project within a specified time frame. The patterns of information exchange observed should provide insight into what aspects of groupware are perceived as helpful by users, and provide directions for further research
SN  - 0736-6906
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/122488.122496
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 85
T1  - Supporting collaborative interpretation in distributed Groupware
A1  - Cox,Donald
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2000///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 289
EP  - 298
T2  - Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 359000
N2  - Collaborative interpretationoccurs when a group interprets and transforms a diverse set of information fragments into a coherent set of meaningful descriptions. This activity is characterized byemergence, where the participants' shared understanding develops gradually as they interact with each other and the source material. Our goal is to support collaborative interpretation by small, distributed groups. To achieve this, we first observed how face-to-face groups perform collaborative interpretation in a particular work context. We then synthesized design principles from two relevant areas: the key behaviors of people engaged in activities where emergence occurs, and how distributed groups work together over visual surfaces. We built and evaluated a system that supports a specific collaborative interpretation task. This system provides a large workspace and several objects that encourages emergence in interpretation. People manipulatecardsthat contain the raw information fragments. They reduce complexity by placing duplicate cards intopiles. They suggest groupings as they manipulate the spatial layout of cards and piles. They enrich spatial layouts throughnotes, textandfreehand annotations. They record their understanding of their final groupings asreportscontaining coherent descriptions
SN  - 1-58113-222-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/358916.359000
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 61
T1  - Controlling interruptions: awareness displays and social motivation for coordination
A1  - Dabbish,Laura
A1  - Kraut,Robert E.
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 182
EP  - 191
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031638
N2  - Spontaneous communication is common in the workplace but can be disruptive. Such communication usually benefits the initiator more than the target of the disruption. Previous research has indicated that awareness displays showing the workload of a target can reduce the harm interruptions inflict, but can increase the cognitive load on interrupters. This paper describes an experiment testing whether team membership influences interrupters' motivation to use awareness displays and whether the informational-intensity of a display influences its utility and cost. Results indicate interrupters use awareness displays to time communication only when they and their partners are rewarded as a team and that this timing improves the target's performance on a continuous attention task. Eye-tracking data shows that monitoring an information-rich display imposes a substantial attentional cost on the interrupters, and that an abstract display provides similar benefit with less distraction
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031638
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 86
T1  - NotePals: lightweight note sharing by the group, for the group
A1  - Davis,Richard C.
A1  - Landay,James A.
A1  - Chen,Victor
A1  - Huang,Jonathan
A1  - Lee,Rebecca B.
A1  - Li,Frances C.
A1  - Lin,James
A1  - Morrey III,Charles B.
A1  - Schleimer,Ben
A1  - Price,Morgan N.
A1  - Schilit,Bill N.
Y1  - 1999///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 338
EP  - 345
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit
CY  - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 303107
N2  - NotePals is a lightweight note sharing system that gives group members easy access to each others experiences through their personal notes. The system allows notes taken by group members in any context to be uploaded to a shared repository. Group members view these notes with browsers that allow them to retrieve all notes taken in a given context or to access notes from other related notes or documents. This is possible because NotePals records the context in which each note is created (e.g., its author, subject, and creation time). The system is lightweight because it fits easily into group members regular note- taking practices, and uses informal, ink-based user interfaces that run on portable, inexpensive hardware. In this paper we describe NotePals, show how we have used it to share our notes, and present our evaluations of the system
SN  - 0-201-48559-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/302979.303107
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 87
T1  - Information exchange and use in GSS and verbal group decision making: effects of minority influence
A1  - Dennis,Alan R.
A1  - Hilmer,Kelly M.
A1  - Taylor,Nolan J.
Y1  - 1997///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 88
JA  - J.Manage.Inf.Syst.
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
PB  - M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
U1  - 1189517
N2  - This study investigated the effects of GSS use on the exchange and use of information with and without a majority/minority split of opinion in the group. When there was a distinct majority/minority, groups exchanged more information, made better decisions, and took no more time when they used a GSS than when they did not use a GSS. In this case, the GSS enabled the minority to overcome the group's inertia toward the majority preference. In the uniform treatment where there was no majority preference, groups exchanged more information but made worse decisions and took more time when they used a GSS than when they did not. The primary cause for the poor performance when using the GSS was that group members did not process and use information received during discussion
SN  - 0742-1222
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 62
T1  - Influencing group participation with a shared display
A1  - DiMicco,Joan Morris
A1  - Pandolfo,Anna
A1  - Bender,Walter
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 614
EP  - 623
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031713
N2  - During face-to-face interactions, groups frequently overly rely on the dominant viewpoint to lead the group in its decision-making process. We begin with a discussion of this phenomenon and the possibility for technology to assist in addressing it. We then present findings from a behavioral study that examines how a shared display of individual speaker-participation rates can impact the behavior of the group during a collaboration task. The results from the study indicate that the presence of such a display influences the behavior of group participants in the extremes of over and under participation. While influencing the quantity of time someone speaks is not directly equivalent to influencing the topics discussed, we suggest that this approach of providing peripheral displays of social information is promising for improving certain types of group interactions
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031713
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 55
T1  - Supporting expertise awareness: finding out what others know
A1  - Dorner,Christian
A1  - Pipek,Volkmar
A1  - Won,Markus
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
T2  - Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Computer human interaction for the management of information technology
CY  - Cambridge, Massachusetts
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1234784
N2  - This paper presents an innovative approach to solve the problem of missing transparency of competencies within virtual organizations. We based our work on empirical studies to cope with the problem of competence finding in distributed organizations. Former studies have shown that central storage of expertise profiles is inappropriate due to missing flexibility and high costs of maintenance. The focus of our approach is to support peripheral awareness to become aware of the available competences in organizations. Our approach runs along two lines: making expertise-related communication visible for all members of an organization and visualizing competence-indicating events in collaboration infrastructures. We verified this approach by the evaluation of a prototypical implementation
SN  - 1-59593-635-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1234772.1234784
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 63
T1  - Portholes: supporting awareness in a distributed work group
A1  - Dourish,Paul
A1  - Bly,Sara
Y1  - 1992///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 541
EP  - 547
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Monterey, California, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 142982
N2  - We are investigating ways in which media space technologies can support distributed work groups through access to information that supports general awareness. Awareness involves knowing who is "around", what activities are occurring, who is talking with whom; it provides a view of one another in the daily work environments. Awareness may lead to informal interactions, spontaneous connections, and the development of shared cultures-all important aspects of maintaining working relationships which are denied to groups distributed across multiple sites. The Portholes project, at Rank Xerox EuroPARC in Cambridge, England, and Xerox PARC in Palo Alto, California, demonstrates that awareness can be supported across distance. A data network provides a shared database of image information that is regularly updated and available at all sites. Initial experiences of the system in use at EuroPARC and PARC suggest that Portholes both supports shared awareness and helps to build a "sense of community"
SN  - 0-89791-513-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/142750.142982
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 88
T1  - Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces
A1  - Dourish,Paul
A1  - Bellotti,Victoria
Y1  - 1992///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 114
T2  - Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CY  - Toronto, Ontario, Canada
PB  - ACM
U1  - 143468
N2  - Awareness of individual and group activities is critical to successful collaboration and is commonly supported in CSCW systems by active, information generation mechanisms separate from the shared workspace. These mechanisms pena~ise information providers, presuppose relevance to the recipient, and make access difficult, We discuss a study of shared editor use which suggests that awareness information provided and exploited passively through the shared workspace, allows users to move smoothly between close and loose collaboration, and to assign and coordinate work dynamically. Passive awareness mechanisms promise effective support for collaboration requiring this sort of behaviour, whilst avoiding problems with active approaches
SN  - 0-89791-542-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/143457.143468
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 5
T1  - �migr�: Metalevel Architecture and Migratory Work
A1  - Dourish,Paul
A1  - van der Hoek,A
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - Migratory work extends traditional mobile work with an innate awareness of, and adaptability to, both technical and social surroundings. We are designing a technical framework, �migr�, that is based on the use of architectural meta-level representations to support rapid development and semi-automated run-time adaptation of migratory work applications
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 281
EP  - 285
PB  - Springer-Verlag
U1  - 666610
T3  - Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction
SN  - 3-540-44189-1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 4
T1  - Collective information practice: Exploring privacy and security as social and cultural phenomena
A1  - Dourish,Paul
A1  - Anderson,K
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 319
EP  - 342
JF  - Human Computer Interaction
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 128
T1  - Cognitive modeling: a domain independent user modeling
A1  - Durrani,Q.S.
Y1  - 1997///
KW  - approximate responses
KW  - cognitive abilities
KW  - cognitive modeling
KW  - cognitive systems
KW  - domain dependence
KW  - domain-independent user modeling
KW  - psychological tests
KW  - psychology
KW  - user modelling
KW  - user needs
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 217
EP  - 220
JA  - Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1997.'Computational Cybernetics and Simulation'., 1997 IEEE International Conference on
VL  - 1
T2  - Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1997. 'Computational Cybernetics and Simulation'., 1997 IEEE International Conference on
N2  - The user model issue is analyzed in the context of domain dependence versus domain independence. One approach to user modeling involves building approximate responses to user needs based on knowledge level of the user. This approach to building user model has an advantage that it is relatively easy to construct such models. However, the model built is specific to the domain being handled Also, the model can not appropriately support the responses needed by experts working in an expert domain. This domain dependence problem in user modeling has been addressed here and a solution in the form of domain independent user model construction is being proposed The central aim of the paper is to present user modeling concept in the perspective of cognitive abilities of the user. The user model is constructed based on user's cognitive abilities which are in turn obtained through certain standard psychological tests. The response generated by the system will then be based primarily on an individuals cognitive abilities and will be independent of any particular domain
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 89
T1  - A conceptual model of groupware
A1  - Ellis,Clarence
A1  - Wainer,Jacques
Y1  - 1994///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 88
T2  - Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 192878
N2  - This paper discusses a conceptual model of groupware consisting of three complementary components or models: a description of the objects and operations on these objects available in the system; a description of the activities (and their orderings) that the users of the system can perform; and a description of the interface of users with the system, and with other users
SN  - 0-89791-689-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/192844.192878
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 90
T1  - Groupware: some issues and experiences
A1  - Ellis,Clarence A.
A1  - Gibbs,Simon J.
A1  - Rein,Gail
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 58
JA  - Commun.ACM
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
PB  - ACM
U1  - 99987
N2  - Groupware reflects a change in emphasis from using the computer to solve problems to using the computer to facilitate human interaction. This article describes categories and examples of groupware and discusses some underlying research and development issues. GROVE, a novel group editor, is explained in some detail as a salient groupware example
SN  - 0001-0782
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/99977.99987
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 91
T1  - Liveboard: a large interactive display supporting group meetings, presentations, and remote collaboration
A1  - Elrod,Scott
A1  - Bruce,Richard
A1  - Gold,Rich
A1  - Goldberg,David
A1  - Halasz,Frank
A1  - Janssen,William
A1  - Lee,David
A1  - McCall,Kim
A1  - Pedersen,Elin
A1  - Pier,Ken
A1  - Tang,John
A1  - Welch,Brent
Y1  - 1992///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 599
EP  - 607
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Monterey, California, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 143052
N2  - This paper describes the Liveboard, a large interactive display system. With nearly one million pixels and an accurate, multi-state, cordless pen, the Liveboard provides a basis for research on user interfaces for group meetings, presentations and remote collaboration. We describe the underlying hardware and software of the Liveboard, along with several software applications that have been developed. In describing the system, we point out the design rationale that was used to make various choices. We present the results of an informal survey of Liveboard users, and describe some of the improvements that have been made in response to user feedback. We conclude with several general observations about the use of large public interactive displays
SN  - 0-89791-513-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/142750.143052
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 45
T1  - Reclaiming public space: designing for public interaction with private devices
A1  - Eriksson,Eva
A1  - Hansen,Thomas Riisgaard
A1  - Lykke-Olesen,Andreas
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
T2  - Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
CY  - Baton Rouge, Louisiana
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1226976
N2  - Public spaces are changing from being ungoverned places for interaction to be more formalized, controlled, less interactive, and designed places aimed at fulfilling a purpose. Simultaneously, new personal mobile technology aims at providing private individual spaces in the public domain. In this paper we explore the implications of interacting in public space and how technology can be rethought to not only act as personal devices, but be the tool to reclaim the right and possibility to interact in public spaces. We introduce information exchange, social support and regulation as three central aspects for reclaiming public space. The PhotoSwapper application is presented as an example of a system designed to integrate pervasive technology in a public setting. The system is strongly inspired by the activities at a traditional market place. Based on the design of the application we discuss four design challenges when designing for public interaction
SN  - 978-1-59593-619-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1226969.1226976
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 52
T1  - Designing for a collaborative industrial environment: the case of the ABB Powerwall
A1  - Fallman,Daniel
A1  - Kruzeniski,Mike
A1  - Andersson,Mattias
Y1  - 2005///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 41
T2  - Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Designing for User eXperience
CY  - San Francisco, California
PB  - AIGA: American Institute of Graphic Arts
U1  - 1138283
N2  - This paper presents the design of a collaborative interface for highly automated, industrial environments. The resulting system, the ABB Powerwall, consists of large, shared interactive displays and several personal mobile information technology devices. On-site service technicians can seamlessly move information back and forth from their mobile devices to the shared display. The system supports various kinds of collaborative work, including making annotations; browsing for information; and visualizing blueprints and three-dimensional representations of products and torrents.The design vision has been to provide end users with an unobtrusive way of sharing information, discussing problems and issues with others in front of a large collaborative screen, and the chance of socializing and learning from each other. Located strategically in the specific environment for which it has been designed, the ABB Powerwall is intended to become a natural gathering point that increases interaction, afford gathering, discussions, collaboration, small talk, socializing, and community-making
SN  - 1-59593-250-X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 92
T1  - Computer systems and the design of organizational interaction
A1  - Flores,Fernando
A1  - Graves,Michael
A1  - Hartfield,Brad
A1  - Winograd,Terry
Y1  - 1988///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 172
JA  - ACM Trans.Inf.Syst.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
PB  - ACM
U1  - 45943
N2  - The goal of this paper is to relate theory to invention and application in the design of systems for organizational communication and management. We propose and illustrate a theory of design, technology, and action that we believe has been missing in the mainstream of work on office systems. At the center of our thinking is a theory of language as social action, which differs from the generally taken-for-granted understandings of what goes on in an organization. This approach has been presented elsewhere, and our aim here is to examine its practical implications and assess its effectiveness in the design of The Coordinator, a workgroup productivity system that is in widespread commercial use on personal computers
SN  - 1046-8188
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/45941.45943
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 11
T1  - Exploring the effects of group size and display configuration on visual search
A1  - Forlines,Clifton
A1  - Shen,Chia
A1  - Wigdor,Daniel
A1  - Balakrishnan,Ravin
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180878
N2  - Visual search is the subject of countless psychology studies in which people search for target items within a scene. The bulk of this literature focuses on the individual with the goal of understanding the human perceptual system. In life, visual search is performed not only by individuals, but also by groups -- a team of doctors may study an x-ray and a team of analysts may study a satellite photograph. In this paper, we examine the issues one should consider when searching as a group. We present the details of an experiment designed to investigate the impact of group size on visual search performance, and how different display configurations affected that performance. We asked individuals, pairs, and groups of four people to participate in a baggage screening task in which these teams searched simulated x-rays for prohibited items. Teams conducted these searches on single monitors, a row of four monitors, and on a single horizontal display. Our findings suggest that groups commit far fewer errors in visual search tasks, although they may perform slower than individuals under certain conditions. The interaction between group size and display configuration turned out to be an important factor as well
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180878
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 147
T1  - Making sense of sensemaking
A1  - Furnas,George W.
A1  - Russell,Daniel M.
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2115
EP  - 2116
T2  - CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Portland, OR, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1057113
N2  - Making sense of the world is a common activity. It happens whenever you confront a new, complex problem. At work, your boss says, Can you give a presentation next week on how wireless will affect our business? Or perhaps, you join a new committee, and wonder Who are these people? Who is in charge? What is our mission? What are we really going to do? Maybe you move to a new neighborhood, and you try to make sense of the streets, schools, parks, shopping, and neighbors. Or you say to yourself, I really need to get an updated cellphone--what has been happening with the current set of features, costs, plans and new gadgets? These kinds tasks begin a process of collecting and organizing data. Often the information can be organized into a fairly simple structure, one that helps to solve the problem. But as we well know, the process is sometimes ill-defined, iterative and complex: information retrieval, organization and task re-definition all interact in sometimes subtle ways. All of these behaviors lead to the creation of sense; that is, the process of sensemaking. Sensemaking can be a core professional task in itself, as it is for researchers, designers, or intelligence analysts. It arises when we change our place in the world or when the world changes around us. It arises when new problems, opportunities, or tasks present themselves, or when old ones resurface. It involves finding the important structure in a seemingly unstructured situation. It is an activity with cognitive and social dimensions, and has informational, communicational, and computational aspects
SN  - 1-59593-002-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1056808.1057113
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 93
T1  - Coordination of communication: effects of shared visual context on collaborative work
A1  - Fussell,Susan R.
A1  - Kraut,Robert E.
A1  - Siegel,Jane
Y1  - 2000///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 30
T2  - Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 358947
N2  - We outline some of the benefits of shared visual information for collaborative repair tasks and report on a study comparing collaborative performance on a manual task by workers and helpers who are located side-by-side or connected via audio-video or audio-only links. Results show that the dyads complete the task more quickly and accurately when helpers are co-located than when they are connected via an audio link. However, they didn't achieve similar efficiency gains when they communicated through an audio/video link. These results demonstrate the value of a shared visual work space, but raise questions about the adequacy of current video communication technology for implementing it
SN  - 1-58113-222-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/358916.358947
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 30
T1  - Where do helpers look?: gaze targets during collaborative physical tasks
A1  - Fussell,Susan R.
A1  - Setlock,Leslie D.
A1  - Parker,Elizabeth M.
Y1  - 2003///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 768
EP  - 769
T2  - CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 765980
N2  - This study used eye-tracking technology to assess where helpers look as they are providing assistance to a worker during collaborative physical tasks. Gaze direction was coded into one of six categories: partner's head, partner's hands, task parts and tools, the completed task, and instruction manual. Results indicated that helpers rarely gazed at their partners' faces, but distributed gaze fairly evenly across the other targets. The results have implications for the design of video systems to support collaborative physical tasks
SN  - 1-58113-637-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/765891.765980
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 64
T1  - Action as language in a shared visual space
A1  - Gergle,Darren
A1  - Kraut,Robert E.
A1  - Fussell,Susan R.
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 487
EP  - 496
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031687
N2  - A shared visual workspace allows multiple people to see similar views of objects and environments. Prior empirical literature demonstrates that visual information helps collaborators understand the current state of their task and enables them to communicate and ground their conversations efficiently. We present an empirical study that demonstrates how action replaces explicit verbal instruction in a shared visual workspace. Pairs performed a referential communication task with and without a shared visual space. A detailed sequential analysis of the communicative content reveals that pairs with a shared workspace were less likely to explicitly verify their actions with speech. Rather, they relied on visual information to provide the necessary communicative and coordinative cues
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031687
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 65
T1  - The impact of delayed visual feedback on collaborative performance
A1  - Gergle,Darren
A1  - Kraut,Robert E.
A1  - Fussell,Susan R.
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1303
EP  - 1312
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems
CY  - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1124968
N2  - When pairs work together on a physical task, seeing a common workspace benefits their performance and transforms their use of language. Previous results have demonstrated that visual information helps collaborative pairs to understand the current state of their task, ground their conversations, and communicate efficiently. However, collaborative technologies often impinge on the visual information needed to support successful collaboration. One example of this is the introduction of delayed visual feedback in a collaborative environment. We present results from two studies that detail the form of the function that describes the relationship between visual delay and collaborative task performance. The first study precisely demonstrates how a range of visual delays differentially impact performance and the collaborative strategies employed. The second study describes how parameters of the task, such as the dynamics of the visual environment, reduce the amount of delay that can be tolerated
SN  - 1-59593-372-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124968
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 142
T1  - Structuration and sensemaking: frameworks for understanding the management of health information systems in the ICU
A1  - Ghosh,T.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DA - 20071005IS - 0926-9630 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - T
KW  - artifact
KW  - artifacts
KW  - Hospital Information Systems
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - Language
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 45
EP  - 57
JF  - Stud.Health Technol.Inform
VL  - 130
N2  - This paper will describe two alternate conceptual frameworks (i.e. Structuration and Sensemaking) that will help to describe and provide insight into how best to implement health information systems in ICUs throughout the globe. Structuration and sensemaking are two competing ways to view the social world within hospitals. To examine the impact of information technology in health care organizations, it is important to explore the dynamic interplay between clinical decisionmaking, outcomes of HIT implementation, and individual characteristics of the organizational setting. The adaptation of information technology within health care organizations is by its very nature quite complex. The recursive pattern of social interactions that shape the implementation of technologies within that setting is key. Structuration theory provides an understanding of human work as social interaction within that organizational culture, mediated by artifacts such as tools, language, rules and procedures, and open to change. The ICU provides multiple opportunities for sensemaking. It involves caring for multiple patients simultaneously; is subject to high levels of uncertainty and is provided under significant time constraints. It is highly interdependent work, necessitating shared sensemaking as well as individual sensemaking. Sensemaking is made partially visible in this context as clinicians communicate to each other what they think is the cause of the patient's symptoms and how to treat them in the form of discussions about patient care, consultation requests, ancillary testing, and the electronic medical record. The collaborative nature of work in the ICU lends itself to the application of sensemaking and structuration theories
AD  - University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
UR  - PM:17917180
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 94
T1  - NuggetMine: intelligent groupware for opportunistically sharing information nuggets
A1  - Goecks,Jeremy
A1  - Cosley,Dan
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 87
EP  - 94
T2  - Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
CY  - San Francisco, California, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 502732
N2  - NuggetMine is an intelligent groupware application that collaborates with a workgroup to increase information nugget sharing among the group. Information nuggets are small amounts of self-contained information, such as the URL of an interesting news article, a book title, or the time and location of a local art event. NuggetMine and the workgroup work together to build, maintain, and utilize a repository-or "mine"-of information nuggets. Group members submit nuggets to NuggetMine, which organizes and augments the submitted nuggets and provides a desktop interface to each group member. This interface makes it easy for group members to submit nuggets, view nuggets, and explore the mine. NuggetMine distributes the tasks necessary to share nuggets between it and the workgroup so as to best utilize the skills of each collaborator. In this paper, we describe the NuggetMine application and interface and present a pilot study of the application
SN  - 1-58113-459-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/502716.502732
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 149
T1  - The ScratchPad: sensemaking support for the web
A1  - Gotz,David
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1329
EP  - 1330
T2  - Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1242834
N2  - The World Wide Web is a powerful platform for a wide range of information tasks. Dramatic advances in technology, such as improved search capabilities and the AJAX application model, have enabled entirely new web-based applications and usage patterns, making many tasks easier to perform than ever before. However, few tools have been developed to assist with sensemaking tasks: complex research behaviors in which users gather and comprehend information from many sources to answer potentially vague, non-procedural questions. Sensemaking tasks are common and include, for example, researching vacation destinations or deciding how to invest. This paper presents the ScratchPad, an extension to the standard browser interface that is designed to capture, organize, and exploit the information discovered while performing a sensemaking task
SN  - 978-1-59593-654-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1242572.1242834
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 148
T1  - ZooMICSS: a zoomable map image collection sensemaking system (the Katrina Rita context)
A1  - Graeber,Ross
A1  - Kerne,Andruid
A1  - Henderson,M.Kathryn
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 795
EP  - 796
T2  - Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
CY  - Santa Barbara, CA, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1180813
N2  - Access to devices that integrate Global Positioning data with image and sound acquisition becomes more common, enabling people to build large collections of locative multimedia. As the size and number of these locative media collections grow, so too does the importance of systems that support collection sensemaking. Media semantics, which include automatically acquired location data, as well as user-supplied annotations, play a key role in these user-centered processes of collection utilization. This demo presents a Zoomable Map Image Collection Sensemaking System that enables the collection, organization, browsing, and annotation of locative images. The Zoomable Map Perspective is supplemented by event-based clustering. Dynamic views are generated automatically from captured media. The system is currently being used to document the location and condition of homes and neighborhoods in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
SN  - 1-59593-447-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180639.1180813
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 95
T1  - An annotated bibliography of computer supported cooperative work
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 62
JA  - SIGCHI Bull.
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
PB  - ACM
U1  - 126508
N2  - Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) is a new multi-disciplinary field with roots in many disciplines. Due to the area's youth and diversity, few specialized books or journals are available, and articles are scattered amongst diverse journals, proceedings and technical reports. Building a CSCW reference library is particularly demanding, for it is difficult for the new researcher to discover relevant documents. To aid this task, this article compiles, lists and annotates some of the current research in computer supported cooperative work into a bibliography. Over 300 references are included
SN  - 0736-6906
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/126505.126508
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 166
T1  - A systematic review of the literature on multidisciplinary rounds to design information technology
A1  - Gurses,A.P.
A1  - Xiao,Y.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DA - 20060503IS - 1067-5027 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.SPT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.SPT - ReviewSB - IM
KW  - Communication
KW  - coordination
KW  - design
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interdisciplinary Communication
KW  - Medical Informatics Applications
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - Patient Care Team
KW  - Referral and Consultation
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 267
EP  - 276
JF  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - Multidisciplinary rounds (MDR) have become important mechanisms for communication and coordination of care. To guide design of tools supporting MDR, we reviewed the literature published from 1990 to 2005 about MDR on information tools used, information needs, impact of information tools, and evaluation measures. Fifty-one papers met inclusion criteria and were included. In addition to patient-centric information tools (e.g., medical chart) and decision-support tools (e.g., clinical pathway), process-oriented tools (e.g., rounding list) were reported to help with information organization and communication. Information tools were shown to improve situation awareness of multidisciplinary care providers, efficiency of MDR, and length of stay. Communication through MDR may be improved by process-oriented information tools that help information organization, communication, and work management, which could be achieved through automatic extraction from clinical information systems, displays and printouts in condensed forms, at-a-glance representations of the care unit, and storing work-process information temporarily
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology and Program in Trauma, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. agurs001@umaryland.edu
UR  - PM:16501176
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 51
T1  - A usability study of awareness widgets in a shared workspace groupware system
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Roseman,Mark
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 1996///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 258
EP  - 267
T2  - Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 240298
N2  - Workspace awareness is knowledge about others' interaction with a shared workspace. Groupware systems provide only limited information about other participants, often compromising workspace awareness. This paper describes a usability study of several widgets designed to help maintain awareness in groupware workspaces. These widgets included a miniature view, a radar view, a multiuser scrollbar, a glance function, and a "what you see is what I do" view. The study examined the widgets' information content, how easily people could interpret them, and whether they were distracting. Observations, questionnaires, and interviews indicate that the miniature and radar views are valuable for spatial manipulation tasks. The results also suggest new design requirements for awareness widgets: they should support both shared and individual work, provide familiar representations, and link perception and action
SN  - 0-89791-765-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/240080.240298
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 96
T1  - Workspace awareness for groupware
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 1996///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 208
EP  - 209
T2  - Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems: common ground
CY  - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
PB  - ACM
U1  - 257284
N2  - Shared physical workspaces allow people to maintain upto-the minute knowledge about others' interaction with the workspace. This knowledge is workspace awareness, part of the glue that allows groups to collaborate effectively. In this paper, we present the concept of workspace awareness as a key for groupware systems that wish to support the fluid interaction evident in face-to-face collaboration. We discuss why workspace awareness is difficult to support in groupware systems, and then present a conceptual framework that groupware designers can use as a starting point for thinking about and supporting awareness
SN  - 0-89791-832-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/257089.257284
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 97
T1  - Design for individuals, design for groups: tradeoffs between power and workspace awareness
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 1998///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 207
EP  - 216
T2  - Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Seattle, Washington, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 289495
N2  - Users of synchronous groupware systems act both as individual and as members of a group, and designers must try to support both roles. However, the requirements of individuals and groups often coflict forcing designers to support one at the expense of the other. me tradeoff is particularly evident in the design of interaction techniques for shared workspaces. Individuds demand poweti and flexible means for interacting with the workspace and its artifacts, workgroups require information about each other to maintain awareness. Although these cotilcting requirements present real problems to designers, the tension can be reduced in some cases. We consider the tradeoff in three areas of groupware design workspace navigation, artifact manipulation, and view representation. We show techniques such as multiple viewports, process feedthrough, action indicators, and view translations that support the needs of both individuals and groups
SN  - 1-58113-009-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/289444.289495
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 66
T1  - The effects of workspace awareness support on the usability of real-time distributed groupware
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 1999///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 243
EP  - 281
JA  - ACM Trans.Comput.-Hum.Interact.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 329696
SN  - 1073-0516
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/329693.329696
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 53
T1  - A Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 411
EP  - 446
JA  - Comput.Supported Coop.Work
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
U1  - 586339
N2  - Supporting awareness of others is an idea that holds promise for improving the usability of real-time distributed groupware. However, there is little principled information available about awareness that can be used by groupware designers. In this article, we develop a descriptive theory of awareness for the purpose of aiding groupware design, focusing on one kind of group awareness called i>workspace awareness. We focus on how small groups perform generation and execution tasks in medium-sized shared workspaces - tasks where group members frequently shift between individual and shared activities during the work session. We have built a three-part framework that examines the concept of workspace awareness and that helps designers understand the concept for purposes of designing awareness support in groupware. The framework sets out elements of knowledge that make up workspace awareness, perceptual mechanisms used to maintain awareness, and the ways that people use workspace awareness in collaboration. The framework also organizes previous research on awareness and extends it to provide designers with a vocabulary and a set of ground rules for analysing work situations, for comparing awareness devices, and for explaining evaluation results. The basic structure of the theory can be used to describe other kinds of awareness that are important to the usability of groupware
SN  - 0925-9724
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021271517844
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 98
T1  - Improving interpretation of remote gestures with telepointer traces
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Penner,Reagan
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 57
T2  - Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 587086
N2  - Gestural communication is an important part of shared work, both in face-to-face settings and distributed environments. However, gestures in groupware are often difficult to see and interpret because of disruptions to their motion caused by network jitter. One way to improve the visibility of remote gestures is by using traces-visualizations of the last few moments' of a remote pointer's motion. We carried out an experiment to test the effectiveness of traces in helping people interpret gestures. We found that telepointer traces dramatically improved people's accuracy and confidence in their decisions as jitter delays grew larger. Our results suggest that telepointer traces and other visualizations of interaction history can be used to enrich communication among remote collaborators
SN  - 1-58113-560-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/587078.587086
ER  - 

TY  - INPR
ID  - 165
T1  - Supporting Informal Collaboration in Shared-Workspace Groupware
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,S.
A1  - Blum,R.
A1  - Dyck,J.
A1  - Tee,K.
A1  - McEwan,G.
Y1  - 2007///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Journal of Universal Computing
N2  - Shared-workspace groupware has not become common in the workplace, despite many positive results from research labs. One reason for this lack of success is that most shared workspace systems are designed around the idea of planned, formal collaboration sessions - yet much of the collaboration that occurs in a co-located work group is informal and opportunistic. To support informal collaboration, groupware must be designed and built differently. We introduce the idea of community-based groupware (CBG), in which groupware is organized around groups of people working independently, rather than shared applications, documents, or virtual places. Community-based groupware provides support for three things that are fundamental to informal collaboration: awareness of others and their individual work, lightweight means for initiating interactions, and the ability to move into closely-coupled collaboration when necessary. We demonstrate three prototypes that illustrate the ideas behind CBG, and argue that this way of organizing groupware supports informal collaboration better than other existing approaches.
UR  - http://www.cursacaik.com/research/07-community-based-groupware-JUCS.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 123
T1  - Learning oral presentation skills: a rhetorical analysis with pedagogical and professional implications
A1  - Haber,R.J.
A1  - Lingard,L.A.
Y1  - 2001/05//
N1  - DA - 20010521IS - 0884-8734 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - IM
KW  - Communication
KW  - Education,Medical
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Social Values
KW  - standards
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 308
EP  - 314
JF  - J.Gen.Intern.Med.
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Oral presentation skills are central to physician-physician communication; however, little is known about how these skills are learned. Rhetoric is a social science which studies communication in terms of context and explores the action of language on knowledge, attitudes, and values. It has not previously been applied to medical discourse. We used rhetorical principles to qualitatively study how students learn oral presentation skills and what professional values are communicated in this process. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Inpatient general medicine service in a university-affiliated public hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve third-year medical students during their internal medicine clerkship and 14 teachers. MEASUREMENTS: One-hundred sixty hours of ethnographic observation. including 73 oral presentations on rounds. Discoursed-based interviews of 8 students and 10 teachers. Data were qualitatively analyzed to uncover recurrent patterns of communication. MAIN RESULTS: Students and teachers had different perceptions of the purpose of oral presentation, and this was reflected in performance. Students described and conducted the presentation as a rule-based, data-storage activity governed by "order" and "structure." Teachers approached the presentation as a flexible means of "communication" and a method for "constructing" the details of a case into a diagnostic or therapeutic plan. Although most teachers viewed oral presentations rhetorically (sensitive to context), most feedback that students received was implicit and acontextual, with little guidance provided for determining relevant content. This led to dysfunctional generalizations by students, sometimes resulting in worse communication skills (e.g., comment "be brief" resulted in reading faster rather than editing) and unintended value acquisition (e.g., request for less social history interpreted as social history never relevant). CONCLUSIONS: Students learn oral presentation by trial and error rather than through teaching of an explicit rhetorical model. This may delay development of effective communication skills and result in acquisition of unintended professional values. Teaching and learning of oral presentation skills may be improved by emphasizing that context determines content and by making explicit the tacit rules of presentation
AD  - Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif 94143-0862, USA. rhaber@itsa.ucsf.edu
UR  - PM:11359549
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 67
T1  - Coeno: enhancing face-to-face collaboration
A1  - Haller,M.
A1  - Billinghurst,M.
A1  - Leithinger,J.
A1  - Leitner,D.
A1  - Seifried,T.
Y1  - 2005///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
T2  - Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
CY  - Christchurch, New Zealand
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1152408
N2  - Augmented Surface Environments are becoming more and more popular and will change the mode of communication. Previous work has shown that projector based AR technology can be used to enhance face-to-face collaboration. We have implemented various interaction metaphors that have been integrated in an augmented tabletop setup. We describe our system in detail and present user feedback from people who have used the application. We also provide general design guidelines that could be useful for others who are developing similar face-to-face collaborative AR applications
SN  - 0-473-10657-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1152399.1152408
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 177
T1  - The proximity factor: impact of distance on co-located collaboration
A1  - Hawkey,Kirstie
A1  - Kellar,Melanie
A1  - Reilly,Derek
A1  - Whalen,Tara
A1  - Inkpen,Kori M.
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 40
T2  - Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
CY  - Sanibel Island, Florida, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1099209
N2  - Groups collaborating around a large wall display can do so in a variety of arrangements, positioning themselves at different distances from the display and from each other. We examined the impact of proximity on the effectiveness and enjoyment of co-located collaboration. Our results revealed collaborative benefits when participants were positioned close together, and interaction with the display was felt to be more effective when participants were close to the display. However, clear tradeoffs were evident for these configurations. When at a distance to the display, the choice of direct versus indirect interaction revealed that interactions were easier when using direct input but the effectiveness of the collaboration was compromised
SN  - 1-59593-223-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1099203.1099209
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 54
T1  - The MAUI Toolkit: Groupware Widgets for Group Awareness
A1  - Hill,Jason
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 539
EP  - 571
JA  - Comput.Supported Coop.Work
VL  - 13
IS  - 5-6
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
U1  - 1045438
N2  - Group awareness is an important part of synchronous collaboration, and support for group awareness can greatly improve groupware usability. However, it is still difficult to build groupware that supports group awareness. To address this problem, we have developed the Multi-User Awareness UI toolkit (MAUI) toolkit, a Java toolkit with a broad suite of awareness-enhanced UI components. The toolkit contains both extensions of standard Swing widgets, and groupware-specific components such as telepointers. All components have added functionality for collecting, distributing, and visualizing group awareness information. The toolkit packages components as JavaBeans, allowing wide code reuse, easy integration with IDEs, and drag-and-drop creation of working group-aware interfaces. The toolkit provides the first ever set of UI widgets that are truly collaboration-aware, and provides them in a way that greatly simplifies the construction and testing of rich groupware interfaces
SN  - 0925-9724
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-004-5063-7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 99
T1  - Stimulating Thinking: Cultivating Better Decisions with Groupware Through Categorization
A1  - Hilmer,Kelly M.
A1  - Dennis,Alan R.
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 114
JA  - J.Manage.Inf.Syst.
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
PB  - M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
U1  - 1289646
N2  - Previous research shows that groupware improves the exchange of information within groups. However, the additional information does not often lead to better group decisions, probably because individuals fail to process the new information they receive. This study explored the use of groupware processes that required individuals in groups to categorize information, in order to induce group members to better attend to the new information received from others and to integrate it into their own individual decision-making processes. Different groupware processes had different effects on attention to and integration of information, and ultimately on decision quality. Groupware processes that provided categories to organize information and groupware processes that required the receiver of information to categorize information increased attention to information and integration of information, which led to improved individual decision quality
SN  - 0742-1222
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 125
T1  - Design and evaluation of International Video Teleconference (iVTC) for orthopedic trauma education
A1  - Ho,Danny
A1  - Hu,P.
A1  - Carmack,D.
A1  - Hayda,R.
A1  - Pohl,A.
A1  - Dunbar,R.
A1  - Harris,R.
A1  - Frisch,H.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DA - 20070122IS - 1559-4076 (Electronic)LA - engPT - Evaluation StudiesPT - Journal ArticleSB - IM
KW  - Consumer Satisfaction
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - education
KW  - Education,Distance
KW  - Humans
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Traumatology
KW  - United States
KW  - Videoconferencing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 951
JF  - AMIA.Annu.Symp.Proc.
N2  - This poster describes the design and evaluation of an International Video Teleconference (iVTC) system for orthopedic trauma case studies. Three medical facilities in the United States and one in Australia participated in monthly sessions where past and ongoing military and civilian cases were discussed. Participant feedback indicated that iVTC fully met their expectations as an educational tool and that remote participation did not adversely impact their ability to engage in discussion
AD  - Program in Trauma, University of Maryland, MD, USA
UR  - PM:17238570
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 178
T1  - Artifacts Use in Safety Critical Information Transfer: A Preliminary Study of the Information Arena
A1  - Ho,Danny
A1  - Xiao,Yan
A1  - Gurses,Ayse P.
A1  - Vaidya,V.
A1  - Cardarelli,M.G.
A1  - Tumulty,J.
A1  - Simone,S.
A1  - Burns-Conway,D.
A1  - Hu,P.F.
A1  - Cervenka,J.
Y1  - 2007///
KW  - artifact
KW  - artifacts
KW  - Communication
KW  - design
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 343
EP  - 347
T2  - Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society 51st Annual Conference
CY  - Baltimore, MD, USA
N2  - Highly skilled professionals in mission critical work domains communicate complicated, critical information, frequently under time pressure. For example, sustained operations require shift work, which results in hand-offs of responsibilities and need of information transfers. There is a growing interest to support their communications through advanced information technology. We observed usage of information artifacts in a pediatric intensive care unit to study information transfers to guide the design of support technology. In contrast to published studies, we examined the context of supporting environment that contains rich information sources gathered or tailored for verbal discourses. We called the supporting environment "information arena." Clinicians prepare for their personal information arena as well as the shared information arena (e.g., paper notes, charts, mobile computers). Patterns of artifact uses during discourses revealed several distinct roles of artifacts, as well as constraints on design of such artifacts. For example, artifacts in shared information arena should be easily manageable to support fluid and dynamic conversation flow. We also uncover several potential future roles for information artifacts to support information transfer
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 127
T1  - Support for fast comprehension of ICU data: visualization using metaphor graphics
A1  - Horn,W.
A1  - Popow,C.
A1  - Unterasinger,L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DA - 20020104IS - 0026-1270 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSB - IM
KW  - Artificial Intelligence
KW  - Computer Graphics
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Display
KW  - design
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring,Physiologic
KW  - Symbolism
KW  - User-Computer Interface
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 421
EP  - 424
JF  - Methods Inf.Med.
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVES: The time-oriented analysis of electronic patient records on (neonatal) intensive care units is a tedious and time-consuming task. Graphic data visualization should make it easier for physicians to assess the overall situation of a patient and to recognize essential changes over time. METHODS: Metaphor graphics are used to sketch the most relevant parameters for characterizing a patient's situation. By repetition of the graphic object in 24 frames the situation of the ICU patient is presented in one display, usually summarizing the last 24 h. RESULTS: VIE-VISU is a data visualization system which uses multiples to present the change in the patient's status over time in graphic form. Each multiple is a highly structured metaphor graphic object. Each object visualizes important ICU parameters from circulation, ventilation, and fluid balance. CONCLUSION: The design using multiples promotes a focus on stability and change. A stable patient is recognizable at first sight, continuous improvement or worsening condition are easy to analyze, drastic changes in the patient's situation get the viewers attention immediately
AD  - Department of Medical Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, University of Vienna, Austria. werner@ai.univie.ac.at
UR  - PM:11776741
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 126
T1  - Advanced visualization platform for surgical operating room coordination: distributed video board system
A1  - Hu,P.F.
A1  - Xiao,Y.
A1  - Ho,D.
A1  - Mackenzie,C.F.
A1  - Hu,H.
A1  - Voigt,R.
A1  - Martz,D.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DA - 20061002IS - 1553-3506 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.SPT - ReviewSB - IM
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - Computer Terminals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Operating Room Information Systems
KW  - Operating Rooms
KW  - organization & administration
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 129
EP  - 135
JF  - Surg.Innov.
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - One of the major challenges for day-of-surgery operating room coordination is accurate and timely situation awareness. Distributed and secure real-time status information is key to addressing these challenges. This article reports on the design and implementation of a passive status monitoring system in a 19-room surgical suite of a major academic medical center. Key design requirements considered included integrated real-time operating room status display, access control, security, and network impact. The system used live operating room video images and patient vital signs obtained through monitors to automatically update events and operating room status. Images were presented on a "need-to-know" basis, and access was controlled by identification badge authorization. The system delivered reliable real-time operating room images and status with acceptable network impact. Operating room status was visualized at 4 separate locations and was used continuously by clinicians and operating room service providers to coordinate operating room activities
AD  - Program in Trauma, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. phu@umm.edu
UR  - PM:17012154
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 10
T1  - Techniques for addressing fundamental privacy and disruption tradeoffs in awareness support systems
A1  - Hudson,Scott E.
A1  - Smith,Ian
Y1  - 1996///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 248
EP  - 257
T2  - Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 240295
SN  - 0-89791-765-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/240080.240295
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 100
T1  - Moving out from the control room: ethnography in system design
A1  - Hughes,John
A1  - King,Val
A1  - Rodden,Tom
A1  - Andersen,Hans
Y1  - 1994///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 439
T2  - Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 193065
N2  - Ethnography has gained considerable prominence as a technique for informing CSCW systems development of the nature of work. Experiences of ethnography reported to date have focused on the use of prolonged on-going enthnography to inform systems design. A considerable number of these studies have taken place within constrained and focused work domain. This paper reflects more generally on the experiences of using ethnography across a number of different projects and in a variety of domains of study. We identify a number of ways in which we have used ethnography to inform design and consider the benefits and problems of each
SN  - 0-89791-689-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/192844.193065
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 101
T1  - The role of ethnography in interactive systems design
A1  - Hughes,John
A1  - King,Val
A1  - Rodden,Tom
A1  - Andersen,Hans
Y1  - 1995///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 56
EP  - 65
JA  - interactions
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
PB  - ACM
U1  - 205358
N2  - This article is a retrospective look at our own experience of using the ethnographric method and suggests some roles which ethnography can play as a contributor to interactive system design. Though we are strong supporters of the method we do not regard ic as a panacea for the compIex and wicked problems of interactive systems design. In fact, if ethnography is to take a more regarded place in systems engineering, then it is important to assess its utility within the development process
SN  - 1072-5520
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/205350.205358
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 102
T1  - Integration of inter-personal space and shared workspace: ClearBoard design and experiments
A1  - Ishii,Hiroshi
A1  - Kobayashi,Minoru
A1  - Grudin,Jonathan
Y1  - 1992///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 42
T2  - Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CY  - Toronto, Ontario, Canada
PB  - ACM
U1  - 143459
N2  - This paper describes the evolution of a novel shared drawing medium that permits co-workers in two different locations to draw with color markers or with electronic pens and software tools while maintaining direct eye contact and the ability to employ natural gestures. We describe the evolution from ClearBoard- 1 (based on a video drawing technique) to ClearBoard-2 (which incorporates TeamPaint a multi-user paint editor). Initial observations based on use and experimentation are reported. Further experiments are conducted with ClearBoard-O (a simple mockup), with ClearBoard- 1, and with an actual desktop as a control. These experiments verify the increase of eye contact and awareness of collaborator's gaze direction in ClearBoard environments where workspace and co-worker images compete for attention
SN  - 0-89791-542-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/143457.143459
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103
T1  - Integration of interpersonal space and shared workspace: ClearBoard design and experiments
A1  - Ishii,Hiroshi
A1  - Kobayashi,Minoru
A1  - Grudin,Jonathan
Y1  - 1993///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 349
EP  - 375
JA  - ACM Trans.Inf.Syst.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
PB  - ACM
U1  - 159762
N2  - We describe the evolution of the novel shared drawing medium ClearBoard which was designed to seamlessly integrate an interpersonal space and a shared workspace. ClearBoard permits coworkers in two locations to draw with color markers or with electronic pens and software tools while maintaining direct eye contact and the ability to employ natural gestures. The ClearBoard design is based on the key metaphor of "talking through and drawing on a transparent glass window. We describe the evolution from ClearBoard-1 (which enables shared video drawing) to ClearBoard-2 (which incorporates TeamPaint, a multiuser paint editor). Initial observations and findings gained through the experimental use of the prototype, including the feature of "gaze awareness," are discussed. Further experiments are conducted with ClearBoard-0 (a simple mockup), ClearBoard-1, and an actual desktop as a control. In the settings we examined, the ClearBoard environment led to more eye contact and potential awareness of collaborator's gaze direction over the traditional desktop environment
SN  - 1046-8188
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/159764.159762
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 179
T1  - Multidisciplinary Medical Team Meetings: An Analysis of Collaborative Working with Special Attention to Timing and Teleconferencing
A1  - Kane,Bridget
A1  - Luz,Saturnino
Y1  - 2006///
KW  - Communication
KW  - coordination
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 501
EP  - 535
JA  - Comput.Supported Coop.Work
VL  - 15
IS  - 5-6
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
U1  - 1210381
N2  - In this paper we describe the process of a multi-disciplinary medical team meeting (MDTM), its functions and operation in colocated and teleconference discussions. Our goal is to identify the elements and mechanics of operation that enhance or threaten the dependability of the MDTM as a "system" and propose technologies and measures to make this system more reliable. In particular, we assess the effect of adding teleconferencing to the MDTM, and identify strengths and vulnerabilities introduced into the system by the addition of teleconferencing technology. We show that, with respect to the system's external task environment, rhythms of execution of pre-meeting and post-meeting activities are critical for MDTM success and that the extension of the MDTM to wider geographic locations with teleconferencing might disrupt such rhythms thereby posing potential threats to dependability. On the other hand, an analysis of vocalisation patterns demonstrates that despite difficulties related to coordination and awareness in video-mediated communication (evidenced by increased time spent in case discussion, longer turns, decreased turn frequency and near lack of informal exchanges) the overall case discussion structure is unaffected by the addition of teleconferencing technology into proceedings
SN  - 0925-9724
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-006-9035-y
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 104
T1  - Supporting collaborative process with conversation builder
A1  - Kaplan,Simon M.
A1  - Carroll,Alan M.
A1  - MacGregor,Kenneth J.
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 79
T2  - Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systems
CY  - Atlanta, Georgia, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 122838
N2  - Conversation Builder is a collaborative open system which can be tailored to support group activities in specialized domains of application, In particular we are interested in supporting collaborative processes, i.e. those activities performed by groups such that the actions of one individual in turn impacts the possibilities for action of the other group members. The paper discusses the concept of collaborative processes and the theoretical basis for ConversationBuilder as well as outlining the architecture of the system and the way it can be used to support such processes
SN  - 0-89791-456-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/122831.122838
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 180
T1  - Cooperative Work and Shared Visual Context: An Empirical Study of Comprehension Problems in Side-by-Side and Remote Help Dialogues
A1  - Karsenty,Laurent
Y1  - 1999///
KW  - Communication
KW  - design
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 283
EP  - 315
JA  - Human-Computer Interaction
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - If the sharing of context is now widely acknowledged as a condition for successful communication, existing studies do not allow us to determine whether it is necessary to restore the maximum of shared visual information to obtain the best communicative performance. To address this issue, three help dialogue conditions distinguished by the range of shared visual information are compared. The analyses are focused on the comprehension problems raised by each condition. The results highlight that comprehension efficiency in help dialogues is not necessarily linked to the quantity of shared visual information. This study suggests two reasons for this observation: (a) Help requesters in remote help dialogues adapt the content of their requests to the effective amount of shared visual information, and (b) helpers adapt their interpretive strategies to the available shared resources. On the other hand, it is shown that the inability to visually share some specific task-related information strongly affects communication efficiency. Implications for the design of computer-mediated communication systems are drawn from these results
UR  - doi:10.1207/S15327051HCI1403_2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 155
T1  - Making Sense of Sensemaking 1: Alternative Perspectives
A1  - Klein,Gary
A1  - Moon,Brian
A1  - Hoffman,Robert R.
Y1  - 2006///
KW  - psychology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 70
EP  - 73
JA  - IEEE Intelligent Systems
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
PB  - IEEE Educational Activities Department
U1  - 1159015
N2  - This essay discusses the notion of sensemaking, including definitions and possibleapplications for intelligent decision support systems.The perspectives on the notion ofsensemaking are those of psychology, human-centered computing, and naturalistic decisionmaking. The essay discusses a number of myths about sensemaking (for example, that sensemaking is merely "connecting the dots"), showing how empirical evidence about expertdecision making refutes the myths
SN  - 1541-1672
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2006.75
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 160
T1  - Making Sense of Sensemaking 2: A Macrocognitive Model
A1  - Klein,Gary
A1  - Moon,Brian
A1  - Hoffman,Robert R.
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 88
EP  - 92
JA  - IEEE Intelligent Systems
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
PB  - IEEE Educational Activities Department
U1  - 1176017
N2  - This essay is the second in a two-part series on sensemaking. It presents a data/frame model of sensemaking, which suggests anapproach to intelligent systems that differs from that suggested by calls for systems that will do such things as data fusion and automatic abduction of hypotheses
SN  - 1541-1672
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2006.100
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 9
T1  - The use of visual information in shared visual spaces: informing the development of virtual co-presence
A1  - Kraut,Robert E.
A1  - Gergle,Darren
A1  - Fussell,Susan R.
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 40
T2  - Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 587084
N2  - A shared visual workspace is one where multiple people can see the same objects at roughly the same time. We present findings from an experiment investigating the effects of shared visual space on a collaborative puzzle task. We show that having the shared visual space helps collaborators understand the current state of their task and enables them to communicate and ground their conversations efficiently. These processes are associated with faster and better task performance. Delaying the visual update in the space reduces benefits and degrades performance. The shared visual space is more useful when tasks are visually complex or when actors have no simple vocabulary for describing their world. We find evidence for the ways in which participants adapt their discourse processes to their level of shared visual information
SN  - 1-58113-560-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/587078.587084
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 14
T1  - A comparison of tabular and graphical displays in four problem solving domains
A1  - Lalomia,M.J.
A1  - Coovert,M.D.
Y1  - 1987///
N1  - The effectiveness of graphical versus tabular displays on problem solving has been the focus of much research (DeSanctis, 1984). However, review of this research shows no systematic attempts have been made to identify how performance in specific problem solving domains are affected by tabular or graphical displays
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 54
JA  - SIGCHI Bull.
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1045596
SN  - 0736-6906
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 68
T1  - Making action visible in time-critical work
A1  - Landgren,Jonas
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 210
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems
CY  - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1124804
N2  - This paper presents descriptive accounts from an ethnographic study of time-critical work in the domain of emergency response and the operative work of fire crews. The verbal communication as part of such work creates difficulties in providing accountability of the fire crew's actions. The concept of work rhythms and temporal structures is used as an analytical framework. Design implications are presented suggesting that verbal communication should be made persistent, visible and accessible in order to support accountability. These design implications are discussed in relation to the fire crew's work practice
SN  - 1-59593-372-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124804
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 158
T1  - Making action visible in time-critical work
A1  - Landgren,Jonas
Y1  - 2006///
KW  - Communication
KW  - design
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 210
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems
CY  - Montr�al, Qu�bec, Canada
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1124804
N2  - This paper presents descriptive accounts from an ethnographic study of time-critical work in the domain of emergency response and the operative work of fire crews. The verbal communication as part of such work creates difficulties in providing accountability of the fire crew's actions. The concept of work rhythms and temporal structures is used as an analytical framework. Design implications are presented suggesting that verbal communication should be made persistent, visible and accessible in order to support accountability. These design implications are discussed in relation to the fire crew's work practice
SN  - 1-59593-372-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124804
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 153
T1  - A study of emergency response work: patterns of mobile phone interaction
A1  - Landgren,Jonas
A1  - Nulden,Urban
Y1  - 2007///
KW  - design
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1332
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - San Jose, California, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1240824
N2  - This paper presents descriptive accounts of time-critical organizing in the domain of emergency response. Patterns of mobile phone interaction in such work is analyzed showing how the dyadic exchange of mobile phone numbers between the actors plays an important role in the social interactions in the organizing and sensemaking of the emergency. Enacted sensemaking is used as an analytical framework. Implications for design of emergency response information technology are outlined and discussed
SN  - 978-1-59593-593-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240824
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 129
T1  - A randomized, controlled trial of bedside versus conference-room case presentation in a pediatric intensive care unit
A1  - Landry,M.A.
A1  - Lafrenaye,S.
A1  - Roy,M.C.
A1  - Cyr,C.
Y1  - 2007/08//
N1  - DA - 20070802IS - 1098-4275 (Electronic)LA - engPT - Comparative StudyPT - Journal ArticlePT - Randomized Controlled TrialPT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSB - AIMSB - IM
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - education
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Units,Pediatric
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Parents
KW  - Point-of-Care Systems
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 280
JF  - Pediatrics
VL  - 120
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Case presentation and teaching performed at the bedside are declining. Patients' preference between bedside case presentation and conference-room case presentation is divergent in the literature. Residents seem to prefer the conference room. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether there was a difference of satisfaction and comfort between bedside case presentation and conference-room case presentation for the parents of patients hospitalized in the PICU and for the residents in training in the PICU. METHODS: Every child hospitalized in the PICU who had 2 consecutive morning rounds, performed in the presence of the same resident, attending pediatrician, and parent, was eligible for the study. The study began with the first patient's case presentation after admission in the PICU. Randomization was on the first case presentation: bedside or conference room. On the second day, the other type of case presentation was performed. After each round, the parents and the resident filled out a questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty-seven parents of 22 patients answered both questionnaires, and 21 questionnaires were answered by residents. Parents' satisfaction was significantly higher during bedside case presentation (96 vs 92, answers reported on a 100-mm linear scale), they preferred bedside case presentation (95 vs 15), and they were more comfortable attending bedside teaching (89 vs 19). There was no difference in the residents' satisfaction nor in their comfort giving the actual case presentation. Residents, on the other hand, were significantly more comfortable asking questions (84 vs 69) and being asked questions (85 vs 67) during conference-room case presentation. A total of 81% of the parents wished that the next case presentation would take place at the bedside. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of a clinical case presentation performed at the bedside in the PICU context that seems to satisfy parents without causing too much discomfort to residents. Thus, bedside case presentation could be a very good teaching strategy in university hospitals
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. marc-antoine.landry@usherbrooke.ca
UR  - PM:17671052
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 105
T1  - Insight lab: an immersive team environment linking paper, displays, and data
A1  - Lange,Beth M.
A1  - Jones,Mark A.
A1  - Meyers,James L.
Y1  - 1998///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 550
EP  - 557
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Los Angeles, California, United States
PB  - ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
U1  - 274718
N2  - The Insight Lab is an immersive environment designed to support teams who create design requirements documents. Requirements emerge from a deep understanding of a problem domain, which is achieved through in-depth analysis of large amounts of qualitative data. The goal of the Lab is to facilitate the data analysis process through the seamless interaction of computer-based technologies with objects in the environment. Team members can use paper and whiteboards to sketch, annotate, and display their analysis work. Barcodes are used to link papers and whiteboard printouts to the multimedia data stored in the computer
SN  - 0-201-30987-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/274644.274718
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 48
T1  - Multiple pointers: a study and an implementation
A1  - Lecolinet,Eric
Y1  - 2003///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 134
EP  - 141
T2  - Proceedings of the 15th French-speaking conference on human-computer interaction on 15eme Conference Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine
CY  - Caen, France
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1063688
N2  - This paper describes the main cases of multiple pointer interaction and proposes a new notation (named UDP/C) for classifying and comparing these systems. A technical solution that makes use of two complementary tools is presented in the second part of the paper. This implementation can support most cases of multiple pointer interaction. It is currently based on the X-Window windowing system and the Ubit toolkit
SN  - 1-58113-803-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1063669.1063688
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 124
T1  - 'Talking the talk': school and workplace genre tension in clerkship case presentations
A1  - Lingard,L.
A1  - Schryer,C.
A1  - Garwood,K.
A1  - Spafford,M.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DA - 20030701IS - 0308-0110 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSB - IM
KW  - Case Management
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interviews
KW  - methods
KW  - standards
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 612
EP  - 620
JF  - Med.Educ.
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
N2  - BACKGROUND: Socialisation into a community involves learning sanctioned ways of talking. This study investigates the case presentation genre as a site of socialisation into the clinical community of practice. METHODS: Sixteen oral case presentations and the teaching exchanges surrounding them (involving 11 students and 10 faculty members) were observed by paired researchers during inpatient paediatric medicine rounds. A total of 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 students and 10 faculty. Both data sets were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed for emergent themes and rhetorical strategies. RESULTS: Students emphasised case presentation as a school genre and described the ideal presentation as free of interruptions. As a consequence, students' presentation strategies were directed towards getting through the presentation without questions. In contrast, faculty responses suggested an understanding of the genre as a way of constructing shared professional knowledge. Faculty feedback was often explicit about critical issues in constructing shared knowledge, such as handling uncertainty. However, student presentations rarely reflected this feedback. CONCLUSIONS: The school genre described and enacted by students conflicts in key ways with the workplace genre evident in faculty feedback, suggesting that school and workplace iterations of case presentation may be at cross-purposes. Such cross-purposes have implications, because when students and teachers perceive a genre differently, a 'gap' is created in their interactions. Even rich and contextually situated feedback may get lost or distorted as it crosses this gap. Explicit acknowledgement of the multiple and flexible iterations of case presentation will improve the learning that novices experience through acquiring this central form of professional 'talk'
AD  - Centre for Research in Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. lorelei.lingard@utoronto.ca
UR  - PM:12834419
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 181
T1  - Synchronizing asynchronous collaborative learners
A1  - Lundin,Johan
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - This paper addresses the issue of different levels of progress in asynchronous collaborative learning activities. The context for this research is organizations of distributed and mobile practitioners. When introducing collaborative learning parallel to daily work tasks we cannot assume that all participants have the same possibility to actively engage. Therefore the learners can be at different levels of progress in the collaborative learning activity. To facilitate collaborative activity the progress of the participants has to be synchronized in some way. The main problem addressed in this paper is the difficulty for participants to keep a common progress, to enable discussions, in asynchronous collaborative learning. To address this problem three methods for synchronization (synchronization points) are suggested: locked scenes, written instruction and collaborative production. The three methods were implemented and evaluated in an organization using a Net-scenario, the Net-scenario as a system and a methodology based on role-playing to initiate collaborative learning. This system was suitable to use in the evaluation since it can be used asynchronously as well as synchronously, supports distributed participants and is dependent on collaborative discussion concerning the content presented
KW  - methods
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 427
EP  - 443
PB  - Kluwer, B.V.
U1  - 966285
SN  - 1-4020-1611-5
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 182
T1  - A case study on distributed, collaborative design: investigating communication and information flow
A1  - MacGregor,S.P.
A1  - Thomson,A.I.
A1  - Juster,N.P.
Y1  - 2001///
KW  - collaborative work
KW  - Communication
KW  - design
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 249
EP  - 254
T2  - Proceedings of The Sixth International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design
CY  - London, Ontario, Canada
N2  - A current research project at the University of Strathclyde is introduced which aims to better understand the role of distributed engineering design in industry and address present problems. An element of the first major industrial case study of the project, completed within a multinational in the oil and gas industry, is then described and shown to address the main research questions. This multinational is described as company A. Sampling and analysis of distributed activity over time is served by the completion of daily diaries and direct observation. This detail design phase of a distributed design project finds that most collaborative work consists of simple information exchange supplementary to the main design activity. Furthermore, concentrated periods of collaborative design are found to follow these information exchange `cycles'. 62% of distributed activity is found to be with the main design partner and asynchronous communication tools are the most popular. Distributed problems are also listed, including misinterpretation and finding the right person for information
UR  - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=20395&arnumber=942267&count=107&index=46
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 13
T1  - CareView: analyzing nursing narratives for temporal trends
A1  - Mamykina,L.
A1  - Goose,S.
A1  - Hedqvist,D.
A1  - Beard,D.V.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - In a study of home-healthcare practitioners, we found that temporal trends contained in patients' clinical records form one of the most critical pieces of information when selecting and administering appropriate treatment. However, these records are comprised of quantitative and qualitative data, and recorded as a narrative. This format makes the extraction of historical trends difficult and time-consuming. To address this limitation, we introduce CareView, a system that utilizes a set of visualization techniques to increase the visibility of temporal trends in clinical narratives. Specifically, our system focuses on integrated temporal visualizations of numeric and qualitative records; a visualization to facilitate rapid comparison of a patient's condition against previously established care goals; and the ability to immediately visualize data as it is entered. Two experiments comparing the market-leading tabular interface with CareView revealed a significant reduction in the time required to identify trends in patients' conditions. However, interviews with nurses highlighted the importance of preserving the integrity of the holistic narrative and suggested extending the design space
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1150
CY  - Vienna, Austria
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 986010
T3  - CHI '04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
SN  - 1-58113-703-6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106
T1  - What do groups need? A proposed set of generic groupware requirements
A1  - Mandviwalla,Munir
A1  - Olfman,Lorne
Y1  - 1994///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 245
EP  - 268
JA  - ACM Trans.Comput.-Hum.Interact.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
PB  - ACM
U1  - 196715
N2  - Current groupware systems do not fully match the work life of organizational work groups. A multidisciplinary literature analysis was conducted to identify important work group characteristics. This article proposes a set of generic groupware design requirements based on this analysis. These requirements include the need to support multiple tasks and work methods, group development, interchangeable interaction, multiple behaviors, permeable boundaries, and context. Examples of commercial and research groupware systems illustrate the practical implementation issues of each requirement. We conclude that developers need to invent interoperable groupware that provides interchangeable and customizable features through new design metaphors and database structures
SN  - 1073-0516
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/196699.196715
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 107
T1  - Capturing the capture concepts: a case study in the design of computer-supported meeting environments
A1  - Mantei,Marilyn
Y1  - 1988///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 257
EP  - 270
T2  - Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CY  - Portland, Oregon, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 62287
N2  - Designing interactive interfaces for individual usage is a significantly hard task that is being surmounted by evolving theory and hours of trial and error. The task of designing interactive interfaces for cooperative work is even more difficult. Not only is it necessary to deal with the individual's cognitive processes and model of the computer aided task, but also to build software to support human - human communication with all the underlying socialization and group dynamics that this communication implies. In the development of the Capture Lab environment, guesswork was coupled with a study of human behavior in meetings both electronic and conventional, an extrapolation of existing research and a series of mini-experiments to test out various ideas about the design. These approaches are described in the body of the paper along with the design considerations at issue and the meeting behaviors we have since observed as a result of our design choices
SN  - 0-89791-282-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/62266.62287
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 108
T1  - Identifying and analyzing multiple threads in computer-mediated and face-to-face conversations
A1  - McDaniel,Susan E.
A1  - Olson,Gary M.
A1  - Magee,Joseph C.
Y1  - 1996///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 47
T2  - Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 240187
N2  - We compared face-to-face (FTF) and computer-mediated (CMC) conversations among small groups of scientists carrying out data collection campaigns. We found multiple threads of conversation in both settings, but this was much more extensive in the CMC cases. The two kinds of conversation were very similar in content and nature of participation, but difTered in their temporal flow. The software that supported the CMC conversations allowed interactions that were quite similar in character to the F TF situations. The low incidence of thread confusions and the potential value of overhearing uset%l conversations does not seem to warrant providing technology in the CMC situation to split apart conversational threads
SN  - 0-89791-765-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/240080.240187
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 69
T1  - Beyond "social protocols": multi-user coordination policies for co-located groupware
A1  - Morris,Meredith Ringel
A1  - Ryall,Kathy
A1  - Shen,Chia
A1  - Forlines,Clifton
A1  - Vernier,Frederic
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 262
EP  - 265
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031648
N2  - The status quo for co-located groupware is to assume that "social protocols" (standards of polite behavior) are sufficient to coordinate the actions of a group of users; however, prior studies of groupware use as well as our own observations of groups using a shared tabletop display suggest potential for improving groupware interfaces by incorporating <i>coordination policies</i> - direct manipulation mechanisms for avoiding and resolving conflicts. We discuss our observations of group tabletop usage and present our coordination framework. We conclude with example usage scenarios and discuss future research suggested by this framework
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031648
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 26
T1  - Individual audio channels with single display groupware: effects on communication and task strategy
A1  - Morris,Meredith Ringel
A1  - Morris,Dan
A1  - Winograd,Terry
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 242
EP  - 251
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031646
N2  - We introduce a system that allows four users to each receive sound from a private audio channel while using a shared tabletop display. In order to explore how private audio channels affect a collaborative work environment, we conducted a user study with this system. The results reveal differences in work strategies when groups are presented with individual versus public audio, and suggest that the use of private audio does not impede group communication and may positively impact group dynamics. We discuss the findings, as well as their implications for the design of future audio-based "single display privacyware" systems
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031646
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 50
T1  - Cooperative gestures: multi-user gestural interactions for co-located groupware
A1  - Morris,Meredith Ringel
A1  - Huang,Anqi
A1  - Paepcke,Andreas
A1  - Winograd,Terry
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1201
EP  - 1210
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems
CY  - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1124952
N2  - Multi-user, touch-sensing input devices create opportunities for the use of cooperative gestures -- multi-user gestural interactions for single display groupware. Cooperative gestures are interactions where the system interprets the gestures of more than one user as contributing to a single, combined command. Cooperative gestures can be used to enhance users' sense of teamwork, increase awareness of important system events, facilitate reachability and access control on large, shared displays, or add a unique touch to an entertainment-oriented activity. This paper discusses motivating scenarios for the use of cooperative gesturing and describes some initial experiences with CollabDraw, a system for collaborative art and photo manipulation. We identify design issues relevant to cooperative gesturing interfaces, and present a preliminary design framework. We conclude by identifying directions for future research on cooperative gesturing interaction techniques
SN  - 1-59593-372-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124952
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 162
T1  - SearchTogether: an interface for collaborative web search
A1  - Morris,Meredith Ringel
A1  - Horvitz,Eric
Y1  - 2007///
KW  - design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 12
T2  - Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CY  - Newport, Rhode Island, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1294215
N2  - Studies of search habits reveal that people engage in many search tasks involving collaboration with others, such as travel planning, organizing social events, or working on a homework assignment. However, current Web search tools are designed for a single user, working alone. We introduce SearchTogether, a prototype that enables groups of remote users to synchronously or asynchronously collaborate when searching the Web. We describe an example usage scenario, and discuss the ways SearchTogether facilitates collaboration by supporting awareness, division of labor, and persistence. We then discuss the findings of our evaluation of SearchTogether, analyzing which aspects of its design enabled successful collaboration among study participants
SN  - 978-1-59593-679-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1294211.1294215
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 27
T1  - Collaboration using multiple PDAs connected to a PC
A1  - Myers,Brad A.
A1  - Stiel,Herb
A1  - Gargiulo,Robert
Y1  - 1998///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 285
EP  - 294
T2  - Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Seattle, Washington, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 289503
SN  - 1-58113-009-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/289444.289503
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 119
T1  - Large displays for knowledge work
A1  - Mynatt,E.D.
A1  - Huang,E.M.
A1  - Voida,S.
A1  - MacIntyre,B.
Y1  - 2003///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 80
EP  - 102
T2  - Public and situated displays: social and interactional aspects of shared display technologies
A2  - O'Hara,K.
A2  - Perry,M.
A2  - Churchill,E.
A2  - Russel,D.
IS  - 4
CY  - The Netherlands
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
N2  - Knowledge workers, a growing component of our modern workforce, have specialized work practices not well served by existing office technology solutions. Our research in designing office systems that better support this class of workers has included an in-depth study of traditional whiteboard use and the development of three large display systems, each addressing different aspects of and work  practices involved in knowledge work. We have identified three cross-cutting themes in making these kinds of large display applications effective for supporting a variety of information management activities: context-awareness, privacy and content relevance, and informal and casual interaction techniques. In this chapter, we reflect on the ways in which each of these themes guided the design of our system prototypes and how they may inform future efforts in integrating large displays into the office environment.
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 109
T1  - Interlocus: workspace configuration mechanisms for activity awareness
A1  - Nomura,Takahiko
A1  - Hayashi,Koichi
A1  - Hazama,Tan
A1  - Gudmundson,Stephan
Y1  - 1998///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 28
T2  - Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Seattle, Washington, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 289453
N2  - Thisi paper describes the concept of activity awareness, which enables workspace awareness without employing shared workspaces, and our framework for supporting activity awareness. Activity awareness extends the concept of asynchronous workspace awareness to provide asynchronous progress notifications and collective perspectives on related activities. Our framework adopts the temporally threaded workspace model, which tracks an activity in each individurdual's workspace by storing a sequence of snapshots of their workspace, and uses workspace cotignration mechanisms to provide awareness functions. We then present Interlocus, an implementation of the framework in the WWW environment
SN  - 1-58113-009-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/289444.289453
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 70
T1  - Aggregate pointers to support large group collaboration using telepointers
A1  - Osawa,Noritaka
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1169
EP  - 1174
T2  - CHI '06 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1125671
N2  - Aggregate pointers, a new type of telepointer, can be used to support the collaboration of many people in interactive environments. An aggregate pointer can make it easy for people to understand the overall direction of others' intentions or interests, and help achieve a group decision or build consensus. Moreover, aggregation can make distracting behavior or noise less disruptive. Aggregate pointers prevent such problems from disturbing collaborative work. We conducted experiments to show that people are not good at accurately locating the focus that is reflected by multiple telepointers, and that aggregate pointers help people share more accurate aggregation and complement individual telepointers
SN  - 1-59593-298-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1125451.1125671
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 71
T1  - Mobile kits and laptop trays: managing multiple devices in mobile information work
A1  - Oulasvirta,Antti
A1  - Sumari,Lauri
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1136
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - San Jose, California, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1240795
N2  - A study at a large IT company shows that mobile information workers frequently migrate work across devices (here: smartphones, desktop PCs, laptops). While having multiple devices provides new opportunities to work in the face of changing resource deprivations, the management of devices is often problematic. The most salient problems are posed by 1) the physical effort demanded by various management tasks, 2) anticipating what data or functionality will be needed, and 3) aligning these efforts with work, mobility, and social situations. Workers' strategies of coping with these problems center on two interwoven activities: the physical handling of devices and cross-device synchronization. These aim at balancing risk and effort in immediate and subsequent use. Workers also exhibit subtle ways to handle devices in situ, appropriating their physical and operational properties. The design implications are discussed
SN  - 978-1-59593-593-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240795
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 110
T1  - Lessons learned from employing multiple perspectives in a collaborative virtual environment for visualizing scientific data
A1  - Park,Kyoung S.
A1  - Kapoor,Abhinav
A1  - Leigh,Jason
Y1  - 2000///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
EP  - 82
T2  - Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
CY  - San Francisco, California, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 351015
N2  - This paper explores the concept of multiple perspectives to enhance collaboration by allowing remote participants to tailor their views, user-interfaces and roles to their particular needs and expertise. It describes a preliminary design study conducted on users of a collaborative CAVE-based virtual reality tool for visualizing occanographic data. Results will focus on the patterns of activity within this environment, in particular the manner in which participants transition between individual and group work during the course of a collaborative session
SN  - 1-58113-303-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/351006.351015
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 140
T1  - The Impact of Display-rich Environments for Enhancing Task Parallelism and Group Awareness in Advanced Collaboration Environments
A1  - Park,Kyoung S.
A1  - Renambot,Luc
A1  - Leigh,Jason
A1  - Johnson,Andrew E.
Y1  - 2003///
KW  - design
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T2  - Proceedings of the workshop on advanced collaborative environments
CY  - Seattle, Washington
N2  - The Continuum is a display-rich project room that allows distributed researchers to work together in intensive collaborative campaigns. In this paper, we describe iterative design study of using Continuum's display technologies to support enhanced task parallelism and group awareness. The study involves placing small groups of users in two Continuum spaces connected over a high-speed network and asking them to perform a variety of information discovery and knowledge crystallization tasks, while varying the technology configurations. The goal of this study is to explore the design issues for enhancing cooperative work in display-rich environments
UR  - http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/fl/flevents/wace/wace2003/material/wace-03-papers/park.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 72
T1  - Tivoli: an electronic whiteboard for informal workgroup meetings
A1  - Pedersen,Elin Ronby
A1  - McCall,Kim
A1  - Moran,Thomas P.
A1  - Halasz,Frank G.
Y1  - 1993///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 391
EP  - 398
T2  - Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Amsterdam, The Netherlands
PB  - ACM
U1  - 169309
N2  - This paper describes Tivoli, an electronic whiteboard application designed to support informal workgroup meetings and targeted to run on the Xerox Liveboard, a large screen, pen-based interactive display. Tivoli strives to provide its users with the simplicity, facile use, and easily understood functionality of conventional whiteboards, while at the same time taking advantage of the computational power of the Liveboard to support and augment its users' informal meeting practices. The paper presents the motivations for the design of Tivoli and briefly describes the current version in operation. It then reflects on several issues encountered in designing Tivoli, including the need to reconsider the basic assumptions behind the standard desktop GUI, the use of strokes as the fundamental object in the system, the generalized wipe interface technique, and the use of meta-strokes as gestural commands
SN  - 0-89791-575-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/169059.169309
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 73
T1  - Groupware walkthrough: adding context to groupware usability evaluation
A1  - Pinelle,David
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 455
EP  - 462
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves
CY  - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 503458
N2  - Discount usability evaluation methods have recently been introduced as a way to assess groupware systems. However, one criticism of these techniques is that they do not make use of information about users and their work contexts. To address this problem, we developed groupware walkthrough, a new usability inspection technique for groupware. The technique is a substantive modification of cognitive walkthrough to include consideration for the complexities of teamwork. The two components of groupware walkthrough are a task model for identifying and analysing real-world collaborative tasks, and a walkthrough process for assessing a system's support for those tasks. Groupware walkthrough is a low-cost technique that can identify collaboration-specific usability problems and can find problems that would not be revealed through other inspection methods
SN  - 1-58113-453-3
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/503376.503458
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 111
T1  - Task analysis for groupware usability evaluation: Modeling shared-workspace tasks with the mechanics of collaboration
A1  - Pinelle,David
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2003///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 281
EP  - 311
JA  - ACM Trans.Comput.-Hum.Interact.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
PB  - ACM
U1  - 966932
N2  - Researchers in Computer Supported Cooperative Work have recently developed discount evaluation methods for shared-workspace groupware. Most discount methods rely on some understanding of the context in which the groupware systems will be used, which means that evaluators need to model the tasks that groups will perform. However, existing task analysis schemes are not well suited to the needs of groupware evaluation: they either do not deal with collaboration issues, do not use an appropriate level of analysis for concrete assessment of usability in interfaces, or do not adequately represent the variability inherent in group work. To fill this gap, we have developed a new modeling technique called Collaboration Usability Analysis. CUA focuses on the teamwork that goes on in a group task rather than the taskwork. To enable closer links between the task representation and the groupware interface, CUA grounds each collaborative action in a set of group work primitives called the mechanics of collaboration. To represent the range of ways that a group task can be carried out, CUA allows variable paths through the execution of a task, and allows alternate paths and optional tasks to be modeled. CUA's main contribution is to provide evaluators with a framework in which they can simulate the realistic use of a groupware system and identify usability problems that are caused by the groupware interface
SN  - 1073-0516
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/966930.966932
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 183
T1  - A groupware design framework for loosely coupled workgroups
A1  - Pinelle,David
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - design
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 82
T2  - Proceedings of the ninth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
CY  - Paris, France
PB  - Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
U1  - 1242033
N2  - Loosely coupled workgroups - where workers are autonomous and weakly interdependent - are common in the real world. They have patterns of work and collaboration that distinguish them from other types of groups, and groupware systems that are designed to support loose coupling must address these differences. However, loosely coupled groups have not been studied in detail in CSCW, and the design process for these groups is currently underspecified. This forces designers to start from scratch each time they develop a system for loosely coupled groups, and they must approach new work settings with little information about how work practices are organized. In this paper, we present a design framework to improve the groupware design process for loosely coupled workgroups. The framework was developed to provide designers with a better understanding of how groupware systems can be designed to support loosely coupled work practices. It is based on information from CSCW and organizational research, and on real-world design experiences with one type of loosely coupled group-- home care treatment teams. The framework was used to develop Mohoc, a groupware system for home care, and the system and underlying framework were evaluated during two field trials
SN  - 978-1402040221
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 120
T1  - The impact of technological support on groups: an assessment of the empirical research
A1  - Pinsonneault,A.
A1  - Kraemer,K.L.
Y1  - 1989///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 197
EP  - 216
JF  - Decision Support Systems
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper analyzes the empirical findings on the impacts of technological support on groups. The authors define and differentiate two broad technological support systems for group processes: Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS), and Group Communication Support Systems (GCSS). Then present a framework and method for analyzing the impacts of such information systems on groups.
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 161
T1  - Table lens as a tool for making sense of data
A1  - Pirolli,Peter
A1  - Rao,Ramana
Y1  - 1996///
KW  - design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 67
EP  - 80
T2  - Proceedings of the workshop on Advanced visual interfaces
CY  - Gubbio, Italy
PB  - ACM
U1  - 948460
N2  - The Table Lens is a visualization for searching for patterns and outliers in multivariate datasets. It supports a lightweight form of exploratory data analysis (EDA) by integrating a familiar organization, the table, with graphical representations and a small set of direct manipulation operators. We examine the EDA process as a special case of a generic process, which we call sensemaking. Using a GOMS methodology, we characterize a few central EDA tasks and compare performance of the Table Lens and one of the best of the more traditional graphical tools for EDA i.e. Splus. This analysis reveals that Table Lens is more or less on par with the power of Splus, while requiring the use of fewer specialized graphical representations. It essentially combines the graphical power of Splus with the direct manipulation and generic properties of spreadsheets and relational database front ends. We also propose a number of design refinements that are suggested by our task characterizations and analyses
SN  - 0-89791-834-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/948449.948460
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 19
T1  - Graphical summary of patient status
A1  - Powsner,S.M.
A1  - Tufte,E.R.
Y1  - 1994/08/06/
N1  - DA - 19940902IS - 0140-6736 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - AIMSB - IM
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Medical Informatics Applications
KW  - Medical Informatics Computing
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - Models,Theoretical
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 386
EP  - 389
JF  - Lancet
VL  - 344
IS  - 8919
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
UR  - PM:7914312
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 150
T1  - Supporting representation construction in sensemaking
A1  - Qu,Yan
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - This study investigates how people construct representations in sensemaking tasks and explores the design space of systems supporting representation construction. Russell et al (1993) defined sensemaking as a process that searches for appropriate representation to answer task-specific questions. Their approach brought representation into the center of sensemaking research. My research follows this representational approach, narrowing it down to the construction of external and explicit representations in the sensemaking process because these representations provide a medium for people and computer systems to access and interact with the sensemaking process. The research approach is to interlace theoretical analyses and behavioral studies with system design and development in a spiraling process towards greater understanding of and effective support for sensemaking activities. The research starts with the examination of existing sensemaking theories, which lead to the development of a pilot sensemaking supporting system. Using this pilot system, a behavioral study was conducted to investigate representation construction in the early stage of sensemaking. Design implications were drawn from this experiment. Then a preliminary design space of systems supporting structure finding and exploration on the web was laid out. A system framework was proposed and a prototype was implemented. The system prototype provides a platform for further explorations in the design space and for further behavioral studies. This study finds that people not only get ideas for structuring representation from their existing knowledge, but also from the outside information world. Representation construction and information seeking are closely coupled in the process. The findings suggest important revisions of previous sensemaking theories and new opportunities for system design. A system framework is then proposed to help people locate and explore websites with high probabilities of containing useful structures. Many theoretic and design problems are identified for future exploration
KW  - design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
PB  - University of Michigan
U1  - 1269704
SN  - 978-0-542-92288-6
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 112
T1  - A survey and comparison of CSCW groupware applications
A1  - Rama,Jiten
A1  - Bishop,Judith
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 198
EP  - 205
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
CY  - Somerset West, South Africa
PB  - South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists
U1  - 1216284
N2  - Technology plays an ever-increasing role in our everyday lives. We would like it to be a help rather than a hurdle in our work, particularly in collaborating with others. An emerging problem for both individuals and groups is information spread and neglect, where users have the same copy of the same work, stored on various conventional devices, but no way to keep track of where the most recent version resides. One type of computer support collaborative work application, groupware, tackles this problem, aiming to assist in joint authoring projects, where artifacts such as files, pictures, reports and sound are being gathered to form a whole. Such groupware systems - and we survey seven of them - vary in terms of their functional, architectural, focal, temporal, user involvement and platform dependencies. While we found a wide variety of options for each system, there were also strong commonalities. All of them work with closed communities or groups. There is no public file sharing. All users are aware of all other collaborators in the community and all systems focus on collaboration; not sharing. The comparison includes our own system Nomad, a framework for distributed resource management, with special emphasis placed on the accessibility of information stored on detached devices, such as personal computers, laptops, PDA's and flash-disks. In the comparison, Nomad has advantages of flexibility and temporal independence over the other systems, together with low requirements on the user, and a high level of mobility and platform independence. The contributions of this paper are twofold: we identify and define a specific type of CSCW, groupware, together with a set of criteria for evaluating such systems; and we survey and classify some of the main systems according to the criteria, as well as introducing a custom-designed system, Nomad. From these results, a collaborative group of workers can more easily select a specific groupware that suits its needs. Moreover, designers of new systems will find the commonality factors useful, so they can more easily position their own products
SN  - 1-59593-567-3
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1216262.1216284
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 29
T1  - An exploratory analysis of partner action and camera control in a video-mediated collaborative task
A1  - Ranjan,Abhishek
A1  - Birnholtz,Jeremy P.
A1  - Balakrishnan,Ravin
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 403
EP  - 412
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180936
N2  - This paper reports on an exploratory experimental study of the relationships between physical movement and desired visual information in the performance of video-mediated collaborative tasks in the real world by geographically distributed groups. Twenty-three pairs of participants (one "helper" and one "worker") linked only by video and audio participated in a Lego construction task in one of three experimental conditions: a fixed scene camera, a helper-controlled pan-tilt-zoom camera, and a dedicated operator-controlled camera. "Worker" motion was tracked in 3-D space for all three conditions, as were all camera movements. Results suggest performance benefits for the operator-controlled condition, and the relationships between camera position/movement and worker action are explored to generate preliminary theoretical and design implications
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180936
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1
T1  - Sociotechnical requirements analysis for clinical systems
A1  - Reddy,M.
A1  - Pratt,W.
A1  - Dourish,P.
A1  - Shabot,M.M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DA - 20031009IS - 0026-1270 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSB - IM
KW  - Cooperative Behavior
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Hospital Information Systems
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - Medical Records Systems,Computerized
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Systems Analysis
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 437
EP  - 444
JF  - Methods Inf.Med
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: We explore sociotechnical requirements by examining the use of a computerized patient record system in an intensive care unit of a U.S. hospital and present two sociotechnical requirements, awareness and coordination, embedded in the users' work. METHOD: The study is based on observation during seven months of the use of a computerized patient record system in a surgical intensive care unit. During that period semi-formal interviews, informal interviews were held. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A key step in the design of clinical systems is the development and analysis of requirements. However, traditional requirements analysis is based on a set of assumptions that break down in the highly collaborative, exception-filled clinical domain. Sociotechnical requirement analysis enabled the designers to gather a much richer description of the environment surrounding the computer system, highlighting awareness and coordination, embedded in the users' work
AD  - School of Management und Information Systems, Fulton Hall 106D, University of Missouri - Rolla Rolla, MO 65409-0320, USA. mreddy@umr.edu
UR  - PM:14534647
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 31
T1  - The communicative economy of the workgroup: multi-channel genres of communication
A1  - Reder,Stephen
A1  - Schwab,Robert G.
Y1  - 1988///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 354
EP  - 368
T2  - Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CY  - Portland, Oregon, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 62294
SN  - 0-89791-282-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/62266.62294
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 132
T1  - What ideal end users teach us about collaborative software
A1  - Redmiles,David
A1  - Wilensky,Hiroko
A1  - Kosaka,Kristie
A1  - de Paula,Rogerio
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 260
EP  - 263
T2  - Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
CY  - Sanibel Island, Florida, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1099248
N2  - Many studies have evaluated different uses of collaborative software. Typically, the research has focused on the shortcomings and, sometimes, the ways end users succeed or fail to work around these shortcomings. In a recent field study, surprisingly, a group demonstrated unimpaired dexterity using a full range of collaborative software. Some interesting lessons emerged from observing these "perfect" collaborators. Lessons include implications for more typical or "less than perfect" end users, especially around the adoption of collaboration technology. Also, there is a general, but subtle, lesson that studying successful users of technology (or "ideal end users" as we put it) can be as valuable as studying those who struggle with technology and highlight its shortcomings
SN  - 1-59593-223-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1099203.1099248
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 47
T1  - Designing the spectator experience
A1  - Reeves,Stuart
A1  - Benford,Steve
A1  - O'Malley,Claire
A1  - Fraser,Mike
Y1  - 2005///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 741
EP  - 750
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Portland, Oregon, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1055074
N2  - Interaction is increasingly a public affair, taking place in our theatres, galleries, museums, exhibitions and on the city streets. This raises a new design challenge for HCI - how should spectators experience a performer's interaction with a computer? We classify public interfaces (including examples from art, performance and exhibition design) according to the extent to which a performer's manipulations of an interface and their resulting effects are hidden, partially revealed, fully revealed or even amplified for spectators. Our taxonomy uncovers four broad design strategies: 'secretive,' where manipulations and effects are largely hidden; 'expressive,' where they tend to be revealed enabling the spectator to fully appreciate the performer's interaction; 'magical,' where effects are revealed but the manipulations that caused them are hidden; and finally 'suspenseful,' where manipulations are apparent but effects are only revealed as the spectator takes their turn
SN  - 1-58113-998-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1054972.1055074
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 34
T1  - A multiple device approach for supporting whiteboard-based interactions
A1  - Rekimoto,Jun
Y1  - 1998///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 344
EP  - 351
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Los Angeles, California, United States
PB  - ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
U1  - 274692
N2  - In this paper, we propose a multiple-device approach for supporting informal meetings using a digital whiteboard. Traditional digital whiteboard systems often suffer from a limited capability to enter text and the handling of existing data. The large display surface of the whiteboard also makes traditional GUI design ineffective. Our proposed approach provides a hand-held computer for each participant which serves as a tool palette and data entry palette for the whiteboard. Just as an oil painter effectively uses a palette in his/her hand, this hand-held device offers an easy way to create a new text/stroke object, to select existing data from a network, to select pen attributes, and to control thewhiteboard application. This paper also reports our experience with the digital whiteboard systems using a proposed multi-device architecture
SN  - 0-201-30987-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/274644.274692
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 113
T1  - Augmented surfaces: a spatially continuous work space for hybrid computing environments
A1  - Rekimoto,Jun
A1  - Saitoh,Masanori
Y1  - 1999///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 378
EP  - 385
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit
CY  - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 303113
N2  - This paper describes our design and implementation of a computer augmented environment that allows users to smoothly interchange digital information among their portable computers, table and wall displays, and other physical objects. Supported by a camera-based object recognition system, users can easily integrate their portable computers with the pre-installed ones in the environment. Users can use displays projected on tables and walls as a spatially continuous extension of their portable computers. Using an interaction technique called hyperdragging, users can transfer information from one computer to another, by only knowing the physical relationship between them. We also provide a mechanism for attaching digital data to physical objects, such as a videotape or a document folder, to link physical and digital spaces
SN  - 0-201-48559-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/302979.303113
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 136
T1  - The Large-Display User Experience
A1  - Robertson,George
A1  - Czerwinski,Mary
A1  - Baudisch,Patrick
A1  - Meyers,Brian
A1  - Robbins,Daniel
A1  - Smith,Greg
A1  - Tan,Desney S.
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 44
EP  - 51
JA  - IEEE Comput.Graph.Appl.
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
PB  - IEEE Computer Society Press
U1  - 1079852
N2  - As large displays become more affordable, researchers are investigating the effects on productivity, and techniques for making the large-display user experience more effective. Recent work has demonstrated significant productivity benefits, but has also identified numerous usability issues that inhibit productivity. Studies show that larger displays enable users to create and manage many windows, as well as to engage in complex multitasking behavior. This article describes various usability issues, including losing track of the cursor, accessing windows and icons at a distance, dealing with bezels in multimonitor displays, window management, and task management. It also presents several novel techniques that address these issues and make users more productive on large-display systems
SN  - 0272-1716
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2005.88
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 38
T1  - Designing novel interactional workspaces to support face to face consultations
A1  - Rodden,Tom
A1  - Rogers,Yvonne
A1  - Halloran,John
A1  - Taylor,Ian
Y1  - 2003///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 64
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 642623
N2  - This paper describes the design and deployment of a novel interactional workspace, intended to provide more effective support for face-to-face consultations between two parties. We focus on the initial consultations between customer and agent that take place during the development of complex products. Findings from an ethnographic study of the existing use of technological systems show the interaction during such consultations to be disjointed and not well supported. As an alternative approach, we developed a novel arrangement of multiple displays intended to promote shoulder-to-shoulder collaboration using a variety of interlinked representations and visualizations. The resulting interactional workspace was used by a travel company as part of a large international trade show attended by the general public. The many consultations that took place between agents and customers were quite different, proving to be more equitable, open, fluid and congenial
SN  - 1-58113-630-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/642611.642623
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 114
T1  - Discourse processing of dialogues with multiple threads
A1  - Rose,Carolyn Penstein
A1  - Eugenio,Barbara Di
A1  - Levin,Lori S.
A1  - Ess-Dykema,Carol Van
Y1  - 1995///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
T2  - Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
CY  - Cambridge, Massachusetts
PB  - Association for Computational Linguistics
U1  - 981663
N2  - In this paper we will present our ongoing work on a plan-based discourse processor developed in the context of the Enthusiast Spanish to English translation system as part of the JANUS multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation system. We will demonstrate that theories of discourse which postulate a strict tree structure of discourse on either the intentional or attentional level are not totally adequate for handling spontaneous dialogues. We will present our extension to this approach along with its implementation in our plan-based discourse processor. We will demonstrate that the implementation of our approach outperforms an implementation based on the strict tree structure approach
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981658.981663
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 115
T1  - TeamRooms: groupware for shared electronic spaces
A1  - Roseman,Mark
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 1996///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 276
T2  - Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems: common ground
CY  - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
PB  - ACM
U1  - 257319
N2  - Teams whose members are in close physical proximity often rely on team rooms to serve both as meeting places and repositories of the documents and artifacts that support the team's projects. TeamRooms is a prototype groupware system designed to fill the role of a team room for groups whose members can work both co-located and at a distance. Facilities in TeamRooms allow team members to collaborate either in real-time or asynchronously, and to customize their shared electronic space to suit their needs
SN  - 0-89791-832-0
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/257089.257319
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 16
T1  - Data characterization for intelligent graphics presentation
A1  - Roth,S.F.
A1  - Mattis,J.
Y1  - 1990///
N1  - An automatic presentation system is an intelligent interface component which receives information from a user or application program and designs a combination of graphics and text that effectively conveys it. It is a facility that assumes the presentation responsibilities for other programs. An important research question has been how information should be specified or described by an application program for it to be presented by an automatic presenter. This paper proposes a taxonomy of information characteristics which would need to be provided to either human or computer designers for them to create presentations reflecting the individual needs of a diverse group of users. The proposed taxonomy of characteristics defines the representational goals for intelligent interfaces which reason about graphical displays
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 193
EP  - 200
CY  - Seattle, Washington, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 97273
T3  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Empowering people
SN  - 0-201-50932-6
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 146
T1  - The cost structure of sensemaking
A1  - Russell,Daniel M.
A1  - Stefik,Mark J.
A1  - Pirolli,Peter
A1  - Card,Stuart K.
Y1  - 1993///
KW  - design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 269
EP  - 276
T2  - Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Amsterdam, The Netherlands
PB  - ACM
U1  - 169209
N2  - Making sense of a body of data is a common activity in any kind of analysis. Sensemaking is the process of searching for a representation and encoding data in that representation to answer task-specific questions. Different operations during sensemaking require different cognitive and external resources. Representations are chosen and changed to reduce the cost of operations in an information processing task. The power of these representational shifts is generally under-appreciated as is the relation between sensemaking and information retrieval. We analyze sensemaking tasks and develop a model of the cost structure of sensemaking. We discuss implications for the integrated design of user interfaces, representational tools, and information retrieval systems
SN  - 0-89791-575-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/169059.169209
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 46
T1  - Exploring the effects of group size and table size on interactions with tabletop shared-display groupware
A1  - Ryall,Kathy
A1  - Forlines,Clifton
A1  - Shen,Chia
A1  - Morris,Meredith Ringel
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 284
EP  - 293
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031654
N2  - Interactive tabletops have been previously proposed and studied in the domain of co-located group applications. However, little fundamental research has been done to explore the issue of size. In this paper we identify a number of size considerations for tabletop design, and present an experiment to explore some of these issues, in particular the effects of group size and table size on the speed at which the task was performed, the distribution of work among group members, issues of shared resources, and user preference for table size. Our findings shed light on (1) how work strategies are affected by group size, (2) how social interaction varies with respect to table size, and (3) how the speed of task performance is influenced by group size but not by table size. In addition, our experiments revealed that for larger groups, designers might need to add additional vertical displays for shared information. This finding opens the door for extending single-display groupware to shared-display groupware settings that involve multiple, shared displays
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031654
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 169
T1  - Taking CSCW seriously: Supporting articulation work
A1  - Schmidt,K.
A1  - Bannon,L.
Y1  - 1992///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 40
JA  - Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).An International Journal
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
N2  - The topic of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) has attracted much attention in the last few years. While the field is obviously still in the process of  development, there is a marked ambiguity about the exact focus of the field. This lack of focus may hinder its further development and lead to its dissipation. In this paper we set out an approach to CSCW as a field of research which we believe provides a coherent conceptual framework for this area, suggesting that it should be concerned with the support requirements of cooperative work arrangements. This provides a more principled, comprehensive, and, in our opinion, more useful conception of the field than that provided by the conception of CSCW as being focused on computer support for groups. We then investigate the consequences of taking this alternative conception seriously, in terms of research directions for the field. As an indication of the fruits of this approach, we discuss the concept of 'articulation work' and its  relevance to CSCW. This raises a host of interesting problems that are marginalized in the work on small group support but critical to the success of CSCW systems 'in the large', i. e., that are designed to meet current work requirements in the everyday world.
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 74
T1  - A comparison of chat and audio in media rich environments
A1  - Scholl,Jeremiah
A1  - McCarthy,John
A1  - Harr,Rikard
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 323
EP  - 332
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180925
N2  - This paper presents two case studies of informal group communication using multimedia conferencing that supports various media including video, audio and chat. The studies provide a comparison of audio and chat as communication medium and present data on usage patterns, user preferences and attitudes. The quantitative and qualitative data collected suggest that chat does have advantages in some situations when used for informal communication along with video. The results provide evidence against the hypothesis that chat is a low bandwidth alternative only used when audio communication is unavailable. This suggests that video mediated chat deserves further attention from designers and the research community, since it is often ignored as a "useful" scenario
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180925
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 154
T1  - Sensemaking handoff: theory and recommendations
A1  - Sharma,Nikhil
Y1  - 2007///
KW  - design
KW  - Interviews
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1673
EP  - 1676
T2  - CHI '07 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - San Jose, CA, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1240880
N2  - Sensemaking work is often handed off between people. Yet handoff can cause problems, somewhat similar to an interruption. This dissertation examines the issues related to sensemaking handoff by integrating existing theories and drawing predictions about the effects of premature handoff. These predictions and the related design recommendations for systems will be verified using short-term ethnography, interviews, laboratory observations and experiments
SN  - 978-1-59593-642-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240866.1240880
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 42
T1  - Sharing and building digital group histories
A1  - Shen,Chia
A1  - Lesh,Neal B.
A1  - Vernier,Frederic
A1  - Forlines,Clifton
A1  - Frost,Jeana
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 324
EP  - 333
T2  - Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 587124
N2  - Organizations, families, institutions evolve a shared culture and history. In this work, we describe a system to facilitate conversation and storytelling about this collective past. Users explore digital archives of shared materials such as photographs, video, and text documents on a tabletop interface. Both the software and the interface encourage natural conversation and reflection. This work is an application of our ongoing research on systems for multiple, co-present users to explore digital collections. In this paper, we present a case study of our own group history along with the software extensions developed for this scenario. These extensions include methods for easily branching off from and returning to previous threads of the exploration, incorporating background contexts that support a variety of view points and flexible story sharing, and supporting the active and passive discovery of relevant information
SN  - 1-58113-560-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/587078.587124
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 116
T1  - Perspective layered visualization of collaborative workspaces
A1  - Shiozawa,Hidekazu
A1  - Okada,Ken ichi
A1  - Matsushita,Yutaka
Y1  - 1999///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
EP  - 80
T2  - Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
CY  - Phoenix, Arizona, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 320305
N2  - Visual shared workspaces will be always staying on users' screens in the near future. Users will be moving frequently between their personal workspaces for personal and asynchronous work and shared workspaces for communication and synchronous cooperation. Also the system should supports users' everyday awareness of co-workers. For supporting such situation, this paper proposes a new technique to visualize workspaces as a set of layered virtual screens in three-dimensional space. In this way, groups' shared spaces are shown as background of users' personal spaces like as looking from a top personal layer down to a bottom public layer. In conventional groupware, user's workspace is divided into some shared spaces and a personal space to show all of them simultaneously, so the size of the personal space is very restricted. This layered perspective visualization alleviates this problem and also supports users' awareness by always showing shared spaces in background
SN  - 1-58113-065-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/320297.320305
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 37
T1  - Single display privacyware: augmenting public displays with private information
A1  - Shoemaker,Garth B.D.
A1  - Inkpen,Kori M.
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 522
EP  - 529
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Seattle, Washington, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 365349
N2  - The research area of Single Display Groupware (SDG) confronts the standard model of computing interaction, one user working on one computer, by investigating how the best support groups of users interacting with a shared display. One problem that has arisen in SDG research concerns access to private information. Previously, private information could not be displayed on a shared display, it could only be accessed on external devices, such as private monitors or Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). This paper discusses Single Display Privacyware (SDP), an interaction technique that allows private information to be shown within the context of a shared display. A description of the hardware and software components of our prototype SDP system is given, as are the results of a user study performed to investigate users interacting in the environment. Conclusions concerning future research in the area of SDP are discussed
SN  - 1-58113-327-8
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/365024.365349
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 15
T1  - An object-oriented taxonomy of medical data presentations
A1  - Starren,J.
A1  - Johnson,S.B.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DA - 20000323IS - 1067-5027 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tPT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.SPT - ReviewSB - IM
KW  - Audiovisual Aids
KW  - classification
KW  - Computer Graphics
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Medical Informatics Computing
KW  - Terminology
KW  - User-Computer Interface
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
JF  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
N2  - A variety of methods have been proposed for presenting medical data visually on computers. Discussion of and comparison among these methods have been hindered by a lack of consistent terminology. A taxonomy of medical data presentations based on object-oriented user interface principles is presented. Presentations are divided into five major classes-list, table, graph, icon, and generated text. These are subdivided into eight subclasses with simple inheritance and four subclasses with multiple inheritance. The various subclasses are reviewed and examples are provided. Issues critical to the development and evaluation of presentations are also discussed
AD  - Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. starren@columbia.edu
UR  - PM:10641959
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 23
T1  - Another person's eye gaze as a cue in solving programming problems
A1  - Stein,R.
A1  - Brennan,S.E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - Expertise in computer programming can often be difficult to transfer verbally. Moreover, technical training and communication occur more and more between people who are located at a distance. We tested the hypothesis that seeing one person's visual focus of attention (represented as an eyegaze cursor) while debugging software (displayed as text on a screen) can be helpful to another person doing the same task. In an experiment, a group of professional programmers searched for bugs in small Java programs while wearing an unobtrusive head-mounted eye tracker. Later, a second set of programmers searched for bugs in the same programs. For half of the bugs, the second set of programmers first viewed a recording of an eyegaze cursor from one of the first programmers displayed over the (indistinct) screen of code, and for the other half they did not. The second set of programmers found the bugs more quickly after viewing the eye gaze of the first programmers, suggesting that another person's eye gaze, produced instrumentally (as opposed to intentionally, like pointing with a mouse), can be a useful cue in problem solving. This finding supports the potential of eye gaze as a valuable cue for collaborative interaction in a visuo-spatial task conducted at a distance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 15
CY  - State College, PA, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1027936
T3  - Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
SN  - 1-58113-995-0
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 75
T1  - A comparison of usage evaluation and inspection methods for assessing groupware usability
A1  - Steves,Michelle Potts
A1  - Morse,Emile
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 125
EP  - 134
T2  - Proceedings of the 2001 International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work
CY  - Boulder, Colorado, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 500306
N2  - Many researchers believe that groupware can only be evaluated by studying real collaborators in their real contexts, a process that tends to be expensive and time-consuming. Others believe that it is more practical to evaluate groupware through usability inspection methods. Deciding between these two approaches is difficult, because it is unclear how they compare in a real evaluation situation. To address this problem, we carried out a dual evaluation of a groupware system, with one evaluation applying user-based techniques, and the other using inspection methods. We compared the results from the two evaluations and concluded that, while the two methods have their own strengths, weaknesses, and trade-offs, they are complementary. Because the two methods found overlapping problems, we expect that they can be used in tandem to good effect, e.g., applying the discount method prior to a field study, with the expectation that the system deployed in the more expensive field study has a better chance of doing well because some pertinent usability problems will have already been addressed
SN  - 1-58113-294-8
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/500286.500306
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 35
T1  - When two hands are better than one: enhancing collaboration using single display groupware
A1  - Stewart,Jason
A1  - Raybourn,Elaine M.
A1  - Bederson,Ben
A1  - Druin,Allison
Y1  - 1998///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 288
T2  - CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Los Angeles, California, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 286766
N2  - In this paper, we describe Single Display Groupware, a software model that enables multiple users to work simultaneously at a single computer display. We discuss the collaborative benefits observed during a pilot study of the SDG application, KidPad
SN  - 1-58113-028-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/286498.286766
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 33
T1  - Single display groupware: a model for co-present collaboration
A1  - Stewart,Jason
A1  - Bederson,Benjamin B.
A1  - Druin,Allison
Y1  - 1999///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 286
EP  - 293
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit
CY  - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 303064
N2  - We introduce a model for supporting collaborative work between people that are physically close to each other. We call this model Single Display Groupware (SDG). In this paper, we describe the model, comparing it to more traditional remote collaboration, We describe the requirements that SDG places on computer technology, and our understanding of the benefits and costs of SDG systems. Finally, we describe a prototype SDG system that we built and the results of a usability test we ran with 60 elementary school children
SN  - 0-201-48559-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/302979.303064
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 40
T1  - Caretta: a system for supporting face-to-face collaboration by integrating personal and shared spaces
A1  - Sugimoto,Masanori
A1  - Hosoi,Kazuhiro
A1  - Hashizume,Hiromichi
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Vienna, Austria
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 985698
N2  - In this paper, a system called Caretta that integrates personal and shared spaces to support face-to-face collaboration is described. We use PDAs and a multiple-input sensing board for personal and shared spaces, respectively. Users of Caretta can discuss and negotiate with each other in the shared space by manipulating physical objects, while they individually examine their ideas in their own personal spaces. Caretta allows users to participate in group activities interchangeably and seamlessly using both these spaces. Caretta is applicable to various collaborative tasks. In this paper, it supports users in urban planning tasks. User studies of Caretta demonstrated that it allowed users to collaborate in a flexible fashion: users could work individually in their personal spaces at their own pace, cooperatively work together in the shared space, and smoothly transition between both of the spaces
SN  - 1-58113-702-8
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/985692.985698
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 133
T1  - WinCuts: manipulating arbitrary window regions for more effective use of screen space
A1  - Tan,Desney S.
A1  - Meyers,Brian
A1  - Czerwinski,Mary
Y1  - 2004///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1525
EP  - 1528
T2  - CHI '04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Vienna, Austria
PB  - ACM
U1  - 986106
N2  - Each window on our computer desktop provides a view into some information. Although users can currently manipulate multiple windows, we assert that being able to spatially arrange smaller regions of these windows could help users perform certain tasks more efficiently. In this paper, we describe a novel interaction technique that allows users to replicate arbitrary regions of existing windows into independent windows called WinCuts. Each WinCut is a live view of a region of the source window with which users can interact. We also present an extension that allows users to share WinCuts across multiple devices. Next, we classify the set of tasks for which WinCuts may be useful, both in single as well as multiple device scenarios. We present high level implementation details so that other researchers can replicate this work. And finally, we discuss future work that we will pursue in extending these ideas
SN  - 1-58113-703-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/985921.986106
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 121
T1  - A job-shop scheduling task for evaluating coordination during computer supported collaboration
A1  - Tan,Desney S.
A1  - Gergle,Darren
A1  - Czerwinski,Mary
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Microsoft Research Publications
VL  - MSR-TR-2005-107
N2  - Researchers have begun to explore tools that allow multiple users to collaborate across multiple devices. One class of these tools allows users to simultaneously place and interact with information on shared displays. Unfortunately, there is a lack of good tasks to evaluate the effectiveness of these tools for information coordination in such scenarios. In this paper, we present collaborative job-shop scheduling, a task we have designed to evaluate systems and interactions within computer supported collaboration environments. We describe properties that make the task useful, as well as evaluation measures that can be used with this task. We validate the feasibility of the task and demonstrate analysis techniques in an experiment we conducted to compare the differences between presenting information serially versus simultaneously on a large shared display. Results from this experiment show the benefits of shared visual information when performing coordination tasks.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 141
T1  - AdaptiviTree: adaptive tree visualization for tournament-style brackets
A1  - Tan,Desney S.
A1  - Smith,G.
A1  - Lee,B.
A1  - Robertson,G.
Y1  - 2007/11//
N1  - DA - 20071030IS - 1077-2626 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - IM
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1113
EP  - 1120
JF  - IEEE Trans.Vis.Comput Graph.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
N2  - Online pick'em games, such as the recent NCAA college basketball March Madness tournament, form a large and rapidly growing industry. In these games, players make predictions on a tournament bracket that defines which competitors play each other and how they proceed toward a single champion. Throughout the course of the tournament, players monitor the brackets to track progress and to compare predictions made by multiple players. This is often a complex sensemaking task. The classic bracket visualization was designed for use on paper and utilizes an incrementally additive system in which the winner of each match-up is rewritten in the next round as the tournament progresses. Unfortunately, this representation requires a significant amount of space and makes it relatively difficult to get a quick overview of the tournament state since competitors take arbitrary paths through the static bracket. In this paper, we present AdaptiviTree, a novel visualization that adaptively deforms the representation of the tree and uses its shape to convey outcome information. AdaptiviTree not only provides a more compact and understandable representation, but also allows overlays that display predictions as well as other statistics. We describe results from a lab study we conducted to explore the efficacy of AdaptiviTree, as well as from a deployment of the system in a recent real-world sports tournament
AD  - Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, USA. desney@microsoft.com
UR  - PM:17968054
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 43
T1  - Connectables: dynamic coupling of displays for the flexible creation of shared workspaces
A1  - Tandler,Peter
A1  - Prante,Thorsten
A1  - Muller-Tomfelde,Christian
A1  - Streitz,Norbert
A1  - Steinmetz,Ralf
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
T2  - Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CY  - Orlando, Florida
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 502351
N2  - We present the ConnecTable, a new mobile, networked and context-aware information appliance that provides affordances for pen-based individual and cooperative work as well as for the seamless transition between the two. In order to dynamically enlarge an interaction area for the purpose of shared use, a flexible coupling of displays has been realized that overcomes the restrictions of display sizes and borders. Two ConnecTable displays dynamically form a homogeneous display area when moved close to each other. The appropriate triggering signal comes from built-in sensors allowing users to temporally combine their individual displays to a larger shared one by a simple physical movement in space. Connected ConnecTables allow their users to work in parallel on an ad-hoc created shared workspace as well as exchanging information by simply shuffling objects from one display to the other. We discuss the user interface and related issues as well as the software architecture. We also present the physical realization of the ConnecTables
SN  - 1-58113-438-X
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/502348.502351
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 44
T1  - Display and presence disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware
A1  - Tang,Anthony
A1  - Boyle,Michael
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
EP  - 82
T2  - Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
CY  - Dunedin, New Zealand
PB  - Australian Computer Society, Inc.
U1  - 976320
N2  - Mixed Presence Groupware (MPG) supports both co-located and distributed participants working over a shared visual workspace. It does this by connecting multiple single-display groupware workspaces together through a shared data structure. Our implementation and observations of MPG systems exposes two problems. The first is display disparity, where connecting heterogeneous tabletop and vertical displays introduces issues in how one seats people around the virtual table and how one orients work artifacts. The second is presence disparity, where a participant's perception of the presence of others is markedly different depending on whether a collaborator is co-located or remote. This is likely caused by inadequate consequential communication between remote participants, which in turn disrupts group collaborative and communication dynamics. To mitigate display and presence disparity problems, we determine virtual seating positions and replace conventional telepointers with digital arm shadows that extend from a person's side of the table to their pointer location
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 117
T1  - A framework for understanding the workspace activity of design teams
A1  - Tang,John C.
A1  - Leifer,Larry J.
Y1  - 1988///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 244
EP  - 249
T2  - Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
CY  - Portland, Oregon, United States
PB  - ACM
U1  - 62285
N2  - Small group design sessions were empirically studied to understand better collaborative workspace activity. A conventional view of workspace activity may be characterized as concerned only with storing information and conveying ideas through text and graphics. Empirical evidence shows that this view is deficient in not accounting for how the workspace is used: a) in a group setting, rather than by an individual, and b) as part of a process of constructing artifacts, rather than just a medium for the resulting artifacts themselves. An understanding of workspace activity needs to include the role of gestural activity, and the use of the workspace to develop ideas and mediate interaction. A framework that helps illustrate an expanded view of workspace activity is proposed and supported with empirical data
SN  - 0-89791-282-9
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/62266.62285
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 56
T1  - Findings from observational studies of collaborative work
A1  - Tang,John C.
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 143
EP  - 160
JA  - Int.J.Man-Mach.Stud.
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
PB  - Academic Press Ltd.
U1  - 105270
N2  - The work activity of small groups of three to four people was videotaped and analysed in order to understand collaborative work and to guide the development of tools to support it. The analysis focused on the group's shared drawing activity-their listing, drawing, gesturing and talking around a shared drawing surface. This analysis identified specific features of collaborative work activity that raise design implications for collaborative technology: (1) collaborators use hand gestures to uniquely communicate significant information; (2) the process of creating and using drawings conveys much information not contained in the resulting drawings; (3) the drawing space is an important resource for the group in mediating their collaboration; (4) there is a fluent mix of activity in the drawing space; and (5) the spatial orientation among the collaborators and the drawing space has a role in structuring their activity. These observations are illustrated with examples from the video data, and the design implications they raise are discussed
SN  - 0020-7373
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7373(91)90039-A
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 32
T1  - Supporting distributed groups with a Montage of lightweight interactions
A1  - Tang,John C.
A1  - Isaacs,Ellen A.
A1  - Rua,Monica
Y1  - 1994///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
T2  - Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 192861
N2  - The Montage prototype provides lightweight audio-video glances among distributed collaborators and integrates other applications for coordinating future contact. We studied a distributed group across three conditions: before installing Montage, with Montage, and after removing Montage. We collected quantitative measures of usage as well as video-tape and user perception data. We found that the group used Montage glances for short, lightweight interactions that were like face-to-face conversations in many respects. Yet like the phone, Montage offered convenient access to other people without leaving the office. Most glances revealed that the person was not available, so it was important to integrate other tools for coordinating future interaction. Montage did not appear to displace the use of e-mail, voice-mail, or scheduled meetings
SN  - 0-89791-689-1
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/192844.192861
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 3
T1  - ConNexus to awarenex: extending awareness to mobile users
A1  - Tang,John C.
A1  - Yankelovich,Nicole
A1  - Begole,James
A1  - Van Kleek,Max
A1  - Li,Francis
A1  - Bhalodia,Janak
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 221
EP  - 228
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Seattle, Washington, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 365105
N2  - We explored the use of awareness information to facilitate communication by developing a series of prototypes. The ConNexus prototype integrates awareness information, instant messaging, and other communication channels in an interface that runs on a desktop computer. The Awarenex prototype extends that functionality to wireless handheld devices, such as a Palm. A speech interface also enables callers to make use of the awareness information over the telephone. While the prototypes offer similar functionality, the interfaces reflect the different design affordances and use context of each platform. We discuss the design implications of providing awareness information on devices with varying interface and network characteristics
SN  - 1-58113-327-8
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/365024.365105
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 22
T1  - Design for conversation: lessons from Cognoter
A1  - Tatar,D.G.
A1  - Foster,G.
A1  - Bobrow,D.G.
Y1  - 1991///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 185
EP  - 209
JA  - Int.J.Man-Mach.Stud.
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
PB  - Academic Press Ltd.
U1  - 105997
N2  - When studying the use of Cognoter, a multi-user idea organizing tool, we noticed that users encountered unexpected communicative breakdowns. Many of these difficulties stemmed from an incorrect model of conversation implicit in the design of the software. Drawing on recent work in psychology and sociology, we were able to create a more realistic model of the situation our users faced and apply it to the system to understand the breakdowns. We discovered that users encountered difficulties coordinating their conversational actions. They also had difficulty determining that they were talking about the same objects and actions in the workspace. This work led to the redesign of the tool and to the identification of areas for further exploration.
SN  - 0020-7373
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 76
T1  - Providing artifact awareness to a distributed group through screen sharing
A1  - Tee,Kimberly
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
A1  - Gutwin,Carl
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 99
EP  - 108
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180891
N2  - Despite the availability of awareness servers and casual interaction systems, distributed groups still cannot maintain artifact awareness -- the easy awareness of the documents, objects, and tools that other people are using -- that is a natural part of co-located work environments. To address this deficiency, we designed an awareness tool that uses screen sharing to provide information about other people's artifacts. People see others' screens in miniature at the edge of their display, can selectively raise a larger view of that screen to get more detail, and can engage in remote pointing if desired. Initial experiences show that people use our tool for several purposes: to maintain awareness of what others are doing, to project a certain image of themselves, to monitor progress and coordinate joint tasks, to help determine when another person can be interrupted, and to engage in serendipitous conversation and collaboration. People also balance awareness with privacy by using several privacy protection strategies built into our system
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180891
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 77
T1  - Avoiding interference: how people use spatial separation and partitioning in SDG workspaces
A1  - Tse,Edward
A1  - Histon,Jonathan
A1  - Scott,Stacey D.
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 252
EP  - 261
T2  - Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Chicago, Illinois, USA
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1031647
N2  - Single Display Groupware (SDG) lets multiple co-located people, each with their own input device, interact simultaneously over a single communal display. While SDG is beneficial, there is risk of <i>interference</i>: when two people are interacting in close proximity, one person can raise an interface component (such as a menu, dialog box, or movable palette) over another person's working area, thus obscuring and hindering the other's actions. Consequently, researchers have developed special purpose interaction components to mitigate interference techniques. Yet is interference common in practice? If not, then SDG versions of conventional interface components could prove more suitable. We hypothesize that collaborators spatially separate their activities to the extent that they partition their workspace into distinct areas when working on particular tasks, thus reducing the potential for interference. We tested this hypothesis by observing co-located people performing a set of collaborative drawing exercises in an SDG workspace, where we paid particular attention to the locations of their simultaneous interactions. We saw that spatial separation and partitioning occurred consistently and naturally across all participants, rarely requiring any verbal negotiation. Particular divisions of the space varied, influenced by seating position and task semantics. These results suggest that people naturally avoid interfering with one another by spatially separating their actions. This has design implications for SDG interaction techniques, especially in how conventional widgets can be adapted to an SDG setting
SN  - 1-58113-810-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031647
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 39
T1  - Rapidly prototyping Single Display Groupware through the SDGToolkit
A1  - Tse,Edward
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2004///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 101
EP  - 110
T2  - Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
CY  - Dunedin, New Zealand
PB  - Australian Computer Society, Inc.
U1  - 976323
N2  - Researchers in Single Display Groupware (SDG) explore how multiple users share a single display such as a computer monitor, a large wall display, or an electronic tabletop display. Yet today's personal computers are designed with the assumption that one person interacts with the display at a time. Thus researchers and programmers face considerable hurdles if they wish to develop SDG. Our solution is the SDGToolkit, a toolkit for rapidly prototyping SDG. SDGToolkit automatically captures and manages multiple mice and keyboards, and presents them to the programmer as uniquely identified input events relative to either the whole screen or a particular window. It transparently provides multiple cursors, one for each mouse. To handle orientation issues for tabletop displays (i.e., people seated across from one another), programmers can specify a participant's seating angle, which automatically rotates the cursor and translates input coordinates so the mouse behaves correctly. Finally, SDGToolkit provides an SDG-aware widget class layer that significantly eases how programmers create novel graphical components that recognize and respond to multiple inputs
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 171
T1  - Organizing the transfer of patient care information: the development of a computerized resident sign-out system
A1  - Van Eaton,E.G.
A1  - Horvath,K.D.
A1  - Lober,W.B.
A1  - Pellegrini,C.A.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DA - 20040702IS - 0039-6060 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - AIMSB - IM
KW  - Continuity of Patient Care
KW  - design
KW  - education
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - Medical Records Systems,Computerized
KW  - methods
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Transfer
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 13
JF  - Surgery
VL  - 136
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: The problem of safe and efficient transfer of care has increased over the years as new and complex diagnostic tools and more complex treatment options became available. Traditionally, residents ensured continuity of care by working long hours and minimizing the transfer of significant diagnostic or therapeutic responsibilities to other providers. The new 80-hour workweek has curtailed that practice and increased the pressure on trainees for workflow efficiency. We report on a study of information-handling routines among residents for the separate tasks of transfer of care ("sign-out") and daily patient care work (ward work). Using these results, an institution-wide computerized system was developed to centralize information-handling tasks and facilitate the management and transfer of patient care information. STUDY DESIGN: House staff from 31 resident-run inpatient and consult services at 2 teaching hospitals described current methods of maintaining patient information used during ward rounds and during sign-out. A subgroup of 28 residents then participated in the design of a computerized resident sign-out system to centralize patient information and produce lists for rounding and transferring care duties. Accuracy, flexibility, and portability were identified as key elements by the design team. RESULTS: Analysis of the type of information handled by residents caring for inpatients at our institution demonstrated common elements across many services. Most services used a paper patient list to manage both nightly sign-out and daily ward work, which required repeated recopying of patient data during the day. Utilizing medical information systems tools and rapid application development concepts, we constructed a computerized resident sign-out system ("UWCores"). This system combines the patient sign-out and daily ward work information in one central location. We believed this would improve the quality of information transferred during sign-out and enhance resident efficiency. During the design process, we identified rules that govern the type of clinical information that should be automatically versus manually updated. We observed an immediate acceptance by all residents and services that tried the system. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that by combining downloaded patient data from hospital systems with resident-entered patient details, a computerized resident sign-out system can be a feasible, powerful, and popular tool. While its effect on patient safety and resident efficiency await the results of further studies, our study shows that this tool rapidly captured the attention of resident physicians and became widely used as a valuable means to centralize and organize sign-out and daily ward work information
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
UR  - PM:15232532
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 138
T1  - The effect of resource limits and task complexity on collaborative planning in dialogue
A1  - Walker,Marilyn A.
Y1  - 1996///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 181
EP  - 243
JA  - Artif.Intell.
VL  - 85
IS  - 1-2
PB  - Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
U1  - 241101
SN  - 0004-3702
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(95)00114-X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 164
T1  - The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: the Mann Gulch disaster
A1  - Weick,Karl E.
Y1  - 1993///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 628
EP  - 652
JA  - Adm Sci Q.
IS  - 38
N2  - This article is a review and analysis of the Mann Gulch fire disaster, an event made famous in Norman Maclean's award-winning book, Young Men and Fire (1992). Using the story of a firefighter who improvised a response to a fire by setting a back-fire while the rest of his crew panicked and ultimately perished, Weick examines the disintegration of role structure and sensemaking within an organization. He discusses sources of resilience that make groups less vulnerable, including improvisation, virtual role systems, the attitude of wisdom, and norms of respectful interaction. The purpose is to understand why organizations unravel and how they become more resilient. The organizational literature is reviewed to demonstrate a need for reexamination of successful group structures. Weick's work influenced many others who have written about improving safety, particularly in teams that work in fast-moving and ambiguous clinical settings
UR  - http://psnet.ahrq.gov/resource.aspx?resourceID=1068
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 143
T1  - Sensemaking in Organizations
A1  - Weick,Karl E.
Y1  - 1995///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
A2  - Weick,Karl E.
CY  - Thousand Oaks, CA
PB  - Sage Publications
SN  - 080397177X
UR  - http://www.psnet.ahrq.gov/resource.aspx?resourceID=1606
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 152
T1  - Organizing and the Process of Sensemaking
A1  - Weick,Karl E.
A1  - Sutcliffe,Kathleen M.
A1  - Obstfeld,David
Y1  - 2005///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 409
EP  - 421
JA  - Organization Science
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
PB  - INFORMS
U1  - 1246601
N2  - Sensemaking involves turning circumstances into a situation that is comprehended explicitly in words and that serves as a springboard into action. In this paper we take the position that the concept of sensemaking fills important gaps in organizational theory. The seemingly transient nature of sensemaking belies its central role in the determination of human behavior, whether people are acting in formal organizations or elsewhere. Sensemaking is central because it is the primary site where meanings materialize that inform and constrain identity and action. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of the concept of sensemaking. We do so by pinpointing central features of sensemaking, some of which have been explicated but neglected, some of which have been assumed but not made explicit, some of which have changed in significance over time, and some of which have been missing all along or have gone awry. We sense joint enthusiasm to restate sensemaking in ways that make it more future oriented, more action oriented, more macro, more closely tied to organizing, meshed more boldly with identity, more visible, more behaviorally defined, less sedentary and backward looking, more infused with emotion and with issues of sensegiving and persuasion. These key enhancements provide a foundation upon which to build future studies that can strengthen the sensemaking perspective
SN  - 1526-5455
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0133
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 174
T1  - Evaluating self and others in electronic and face-to-face groups
A1  - Weisband,S.
A1  - Atwater,L.
Y1  - 1999///
KW  - Communication
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 632
EP  - 639
JF  - Journal of Applied Psychology
VL  - 84
IS  - 4
N2  - After completing a decision task electronically or face to face, 105 students rated their own and other group members' contribution to the task completion and their degree of liking for group members. Actual contributions were the number of task relevant remarks each person contributed. Results indicated that self-ratings of contribution were more inflated and less accurate in electronic communication than in face-to-face communication. Liking accounted for significant variance in ratings of others' contributions in face-to-face groups, whereas actual contribution accounted for significant variance in ratings of others in electronic groups. Results suggest that rating biases stemming from liking are evident in ratings of others in face-to-face groups but not in electronic. Implications for online performance evaluations are discussed
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 78
T1  - Synchronous broadcast messaging: the use of ICT
A1  - Weisz,Justin D.
A1  - Erickson,Thomas
A1  - Kellogg,Wendy A.
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1293
EP  - 1302
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems
CY  - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1124967
N2  - IBM Community Tools (ICT) is a synchronous broadcast messaging system in use by a very large, globally distributed organization. ICT is interesting for a number of reasons, including its scale of use (thousands of users per day), its usage model of employing large scale broadcast to strangers to initiate small group interactions, and the fact that it is a synchronous system used across multiple time zones. In this paper we characterize the use of ICT in its context, examine the activities for which it is used, the motivations of its users, and the values they derive from it. We also explore problems with the system, and look at the social and technical ways in which users deal with them
SN  - 1-59593-372-7
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1124772.1124967
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 184
T1  - Social intelligence about hidden events
A1  - Westrum,R.
Y1  - 1982///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 381
EP  - 400
JF  - Knowledge
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 134
T1  - Insightful illusions: requirements gathering for large-scale groupware systems
A1  - White,Kevin F.
A1  - Lutters,Wayne G.
Y1  - 2005///
KW  - WORK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 448
EP  - 449
T2  - Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
CY  - Sanibel Island, Florida, USA
PB  - ACM
U1  - 1099272
N2  - Large-scale, organization-wide groupware systems are high risk development efforts. Requirements gathering and early evaluation are constrained by the need to attain a critical mass of users and content. One approach to mitigate this risk is to employ Wizard of Oz style system simulations during the requirements gathering phase. While this method has historically been used to test quasi-functional system prototypes, we have found it to be a useful method for assessing organizational feasibility
SN  - 1-59593-223-2
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1099203.1099272
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 12
T1  - Shared workspaces: how do they work and when are they useful?
A1  - Whittaker,Steve
A1  - Geelhoed,E.
A1  - Robinson,E.
Y1  - 1993///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 813
EP  - 842
JA  - Int.J.Man-Mach.Stud.
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
PB  - Academic Press Ltd.
U1  - 182800
SN  - 0020-7373
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 79
T1  - Informal workplace communication: what is it like and how might we support it?
A1  - Whittaker,Steve
A1  - Frohlich,David
A1  - Daly-Jones,Owen
Y1  - 1994///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 131
EP  - 137
T2  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts, United States
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 191726
SN  - 0-89791-650-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/191666.191726
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 80
T1  - The character, value, and management of personal paper archives
A1  - Whittaker,Steve
A1  - Hirschberg,Julia
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 150
EP  - 170
JA  - ACM Trans.Comput.-Hum.Interact.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - ACM
U1  - 376932
N2  - We explored general issues concerning personal information management by investigating the characteristics of office workers' paper-based information, in an industrial research environment. we examined the reasons people collect paper, types of data they collect, problems encountered in handling paper, and strategies used for processing it. We tested three specific hypotheses in the course of an office move. The greater availability of public digital data along with changes in people's jobs or interests should lead to wholescale discarding of paper data, while preparing for the move. Instead we found workers kept large, highly valued papar archives. We also expected that the major part of people's personal archives would be unique documents. However, only 49% of people's archives were unique documents, the remainder being copies of publicly available data and unread information, and we explore reasons for this. We examined the effects of paper-processing strategies on archive structure. We discovered different paper-processing strategies (filing and piling)that were relatively independent of job type. We predicated that filers' attempted to evaluate and catergorize incoming documents would produce smaller archives that were accessed frequently. Contrary to our predictions, filers amassed more information, and accessed it less frequently than pilers. We argue that filers may engage in premature filing: to clear their workspace, they archives information that later turns out to be of low value. Given the effort involved in organzing data, they are also loath to discard filed information, even when its value is uncertain. We discuss the implications of this research for digital personal information management
SN  - 1073-0516
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/376929.376932
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 167
T1  - Making Sense of Sense Making
A1  - Whittaker,Steve
Y1  - 2007///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T2  - HCI Remixed
A2  - Erickson,T.
A2  - McDonald,D.
CY  - Cambridge
PB  - MIT Press
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 172
T1  - Surgeon information transfer and communication: factors affecting quality and efficiency of inpatient care
A1  - Williams,R.G.
A1  - Silverman,R.
A1  - Schwind,C.
A1  - Fortune,J.B.
A1  - Sutyak,J.
A1  - Horvath,K.D.
A1  - Van Eaton,E.G.
A1  - Azzie,G.
A1  - Potts,J.R.,III
A1  - Boehler,M.
A1  - Dunnington,G.L.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DA - 20070124IS - 0003-4932 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticlePT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSB - AIMSB - IM
KW  - Communication
KW  - Community Networks
KW  - Hospitals,Special
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Inpatients
KW  - methods
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - standards
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 169
JF  - Ann.Surg.
VL  - 245
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature of surgeon information transfer and communication (ITC) errors that lead to adverse events and near misses. To recommend strategies for minimizing or preventing these errors. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgical hospital practice is changing from a single provider to a team-based approach. This has put a premium on effective ITC. The Information Transfer and Communication Practices (ITCP) Project is a multi-institutional effort to: 1) better understand surgeon ITCP and their patient care consequences, 2) determine what has been done to improve ITCP in other professions, and 3) recommend ways to improve these practices among surgeons. METHODS: Separate, semi-structured focus group sessions were conducted with surgical residents (n = 59), general surgery attending physicians (n = 36), and surgical nurses (n = 42) at 5 medical centers. Case descriptions and general comments were classified by the nature of ITC lapses and their effects on patients and medical care. Information learned was combined with a review of ITC strategies in other professions to develop principles and guidelines for re-engineering surgeon ITCP. RESULTS:: A total of 328 case descriptions and general comments were obtained and classified. Incidents fell into 4 areas: blurred boundaries of responsibility (87 reports), decreased surgeon familiarity with patients (123 reports), diversion of surgeon attention (31 reports), and distorted or inhibited communication (67 reports). Results were subdivided into 30 contributing factors (eg, shift change, location change, number of providers). Consequences of ITC lapses included delays in patient care (77% of cases), wasted surgeon/staff time (48%), and serious adverse patient consequences (31%). Twelve principles and 5 institutional habit changes are recommended to guide ITCP re-engineering. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeon communication lapses are significant contributors to adverse patient consequences, and provider inefficiency. Re-engineering ITCP will require significant cultural changes
AD  - Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA. rwilliams@siumed.edu
UR  - PM:17245166
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 17
T1  - Not all sharing is equal: the impact of a large display on small group collaborative work
A1  - Wilson,Stephanie
A1  - Galliers,Julia
A1  - Fone,James
Y1  - 2006///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 25
EP  - 28
T2  - Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CY  - Banff, Alberta, Canada
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 1180880
N2  - Large, shared displays are used in support of many forms of col-laborative work and are generally assumed to benefit the work. We investigate this in a qualitative study of an intervention to introduce such a display to support the work of shift handover in a medical setting. Results suggest that the consequences of introducing a shared display can be more subtle than expected. In particular, we highlight the fact that the common distinction between private and public information is too coarse-grained and discuss the importance of considering how access to public information is initiated. We briefly touch upon implications for interaction design
SN  - 1-59593-249-6
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180880
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 176
T1  - Design should help use of patients' data
A1  - Wyatt,J.C.
A1  - Wright,P.
Y1  - 1998/10/24/
N1  - DA - 19981117IS - 0140-6736 (Print)LA - engPT - Journal ArticleSB - AIMSB - IM
KW  - design
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Forms and Records Control
KW  - Humans
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - Medical Records Systems,Computerized
KW  - methods
KW  - organization & administration
KW  - psychology
KW  - standards
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1375
EP  - 1378
JF  - Lancet
VL  - 352
IS  - 9137
N2  - Checklists and other tools help doctors to use published evidence in clinical practice. Two other important sources of evidence, however, are the patient and his or her medical record. This series aims to advance the practice of evidence-based medicine by helping in redesign of medical records, drawing on insights from psychology, information design, and medical informatics; and by promoting changes analogous to those occurring in the medical literature. The four papers look at: the uses of medical records and importance of organising them so doctors can use the data they contain; different methods doctors use to search for data and how design of records can help or hinder these approaches; how we interpret data once found, and how record formatting assists this process; and the issues raised by computerisation of records
AD  - School of Public Policy, University College London, UK. jeremy.wyatt@ucl.ac.uk
UR  - PM:9802289
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 122
T1  - A framework for epistemological analysis in empirical (laboratory and field) studies
A1  - Xiao,Yan
A1  - Vicente,Kim J
Y1  - 2000///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 87
EP  - 101
JF  - Human Factors
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 118
T1  - Exploring collaborative navigation:: the effect of perspectives on group performance
A1  - Yang,Huahai
A1  - Olson,Gary M.
Y1  - 2002///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 135
EP  - 142
T2  - Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
CY  - Bonn, Germany
PB  - ACM
U1  - 571899
N2  - In this paper, we describe a collaborative navigation task in CVE. As a work in process, we present a process model of the task and design an experiment to test hypotheses generated by this process model. Using this experimental approach, we investigated the effect of the dimension of egocentric-exocentric perspectives on collaborative navigation performance. Results favor an egocentric perspective display. We also discuss the implications of this work for the design of interaction techniques to support collaborative navigation and awareness in CVE
SN  - 1-58113-489-4
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/571878.571899
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 36
T1  - Avoiding interference through translucent interface components in single display groupware
A1  - Zanella,Ana
A1  - Greenberg,Saul
Y1  - 2001///
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 375
EP  - 376
T2  - CHI '01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
CY  - Seattle, Washington
PB  - ACM Press
U1  - 634289
N2  - Our research concerns the design of interface components tailored for single display groupware (SDG) where multiple co-located people, each with their own input device, interact over a single shared display. In particular, we are concerned with 'interference' effects, where one person's raising of an interface component (e.g., a menu) can impede another's view and interaction on the shared screen. Our solution uses translucent interface components, where others can see through the obstructing component and continue their work underneath it. Our in-progress evaluation suggests this design lessens interference effects
SN  - 1-58113-340-5
UR  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/634067.634289
ER  -